Androgens have important effects on multiple organ systems, which play critical roles in the regulation of a myriad of male sexual, somatic, and behavioral functions critical to lifelong health. Androgen deficiency is a multisystem syndrome, presenting with typical clinical features in association with a confirmed low serum testosterone level. The clinical presentation of androgen deficiency is modified by age and other patient-specific characteristics such as comorbidities, genetic, environmental, and sociocultural factors.

This special supplement of the Asian Journal of Andrology is intended to reflect the complexity of male androgen deficiency disorders. It provides a critical update on many recent advances in clinical and experimental aspects of male androgen deficiency, particularly those organ systems not traditionally or directly associated sexual or reproductive functions that contribute to the highly topical area of male health over the life course. While this issue highlights progress in male health, many important current knowledge gaps and areas of controversies are also emphasized.

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