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Abstract

Volume 21, Issue 5 (September 2019) 21, 478–485; 10.4103/aja.aja_110_18

Heavy cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption are associated with impaired sperm parameters in primary infertile men

Luca Boeri1,2, Paolo Capogrosso1, Eugenio Ventimiglia1,3, Filippo Pederzoli1, Walter Cazzaniga1,3, Francesco Chierigo1,3, Federico Dehò1, Emanuele Montanari2, Francesco Montorsi1,3, Andrea Salonia1,3

1 Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan 20132, Italy
2 Department of Urology, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Maggiore Policlinico Hospital, University of Milan, Milan 20122, Italy
3 University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan 20132, Italy

Correspondence: Dr. A Salonia (salonia.andrea@hsr.it)

26-Feb-2019

Abstract

We assessed the concomitant impact of cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption in men presenting for primary couple's infertility. Data from 189 infertile men were analyzed. Semen analysis, serum hormones, and sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) were obtained. Smoking status was categorized as follows: current nonsmoker (−S), moderate smoker (+MS), and heavy smoker (+HS). Alcohol consumption was categorized as follows: abstainer (−D), moderate drinker (+MD), and heavy drinker (+HD). Descriptive statistics and logistic regression models were applied. Among all the participants, 132 (69.8%), 30 (15.9%), and 27 (14.3%) patients were −S, +MS, and +HS, respectively. In addition, 67 (35.4%), 77 (40.7%) and 45 (23.8%) men were -D, +MD and +HD, respectively. Regarding concomitant habits, 52 (27.5%) patients were nonsmokers and abstainers (−S/−D: Group 1), 91 (48.1%) had at least one recreational habit (−S/+D or +S/−D: Group 2), and 46 (24.3%) were both smokers and drinkers (+S/+D: Group 3). Sperm concentration and progressive motility were lower in +HS and +HD, compared with −S and −D (all P < 0.05), respectively. Similarly, both parameters were significantly lower in Group 3 than Groups 1 and 2 (all P < 0.05). SDF values were higher in Group 3 than Groups 1 and 2 (both P < 0.05). In multivariate analysis, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels and concomitant +S/+D status were independent predictors of impaired sperm concentration and progressive motility (all P < 0.05). Heavy smoking and heavy drinking were associated with worse seminal parameters than moderate smoking/drinking and nonsmoking/abstaining. When concomitant, +S/+D status has an even greater detrimental effect on semen parameters.

Keywords: alcohol consumption; cigarette smoking; infertility; risk factors; semen analysis

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Asian Journal of Andrology CN 31-1795/R ISSN 1008-682X  Copyright © 2023  Shanghai Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences.  All rights reserved.