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Abstract

Volume 23, Issue 6 (November 2021) 23, 580–589; 10.4103/aja202153

The organization, regulation, and biological functions of the synaptonemal complex

Feng-Guo Zhang, Rui-Rui Zhang, Jin-Min Gao

Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China

Correspondence: Dr. JM Gao (jinmingao@sdnu.edu.cn)

Date of Submission 16-Apr-2021 Date of Acceptance 28-Jun-2021 Date of Web Publication 14-Sep-2021

Abstract

The synaptonemal complex (SC) is a meiosis-specific proteinaceous macromolecular structure that assembles between paired homologous chromosomes during meiosis in various eukaryotes. The SC has a highly conserved ultrastructure and plays critical roles in controlling multiple steps in meiotic recombination and crossover formation, ensuring accurate meiotic chromosome segregation. Recent studies in different organisms, facilitated by advances in super-resolution microscopy, have provided insights into the macromolecular structure of the SC, including the internal organization of the meiotic chromosome axis and SC central region, the regulatory pathways that control SC assembly and dynamics, and the biological functions exerted by the SC and its substructures. This review summarizes recent discoveries about how the SC is organized and regulated that help to explain the biological functions associated with this meiosis-specific structure.

Keywords: chromosome axis; chromosome segregation; crossover; meiosis; meiotic recombination; reproduction; synapsis; synaptonemal complex

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Asian Journal of Andrology CN 31-1795/R ISSN 1008-682X  Copyright © 2023  Shanghai Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences.  All rights reserved.