Lin, Ching-Shwun

 

Current Title &                        Associate Professor,

Department:                        Department of Urology, University of California

 

Mailing Address:                        Box 1695

                        University of California

                        San Francisco, CA 94143

 

Telecommunication:                        (415) 353-7205 (office)

                        (415) 353-9586 (fax)

                        clin@urol.ucsf.edu (e-mail)

 

 

Education

 

Dates                        Institution and Location                        Degree                        Major                                    

 

1973-1978                        National Taiwan University, Taiwan                        DVM                        Veterinary Medicine

1979-1983                        University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA                        Ph.D.                        Microbiology

 

Certifications

 

1978                        Certificate for Practice of Veterinary Medicine

 

Professional Positions Held

 

Dates                        Institution                        Position                                  

 

1978                        Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University                        Research Assistant

1978-1979                        Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University                         Teaching Assistant

1979-1983                        Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa                        Teaching Assistant

1983-1988                        Department of Molecular Oncology, Linus Pauling Institute                        Research Scientist

1988-1991                        California Institute for Medical Research                        Senior Scientist

1991-1993                        Palo Alto Medical Foundation/Research Institute                        Senior Scientist

1993-1997                        Department of Stomatology, University of California, SF                        Molecular Biologist

1997-2000                        Department of Urology, University of California, SF                        Assistant Professor

1997-present                        Molecular Urology Laboratory, UCSF                        Research Director

2000-present                        Department of Urology, University of California, SF                        Associate Professor

 

Honors and Awards

 

1976                        Representative of students, National Taiwan University.

1976                        President Award, National Taiwan University

1976                        Pfizer Award for Outstanding Academic Achievements

1977                        Taiwan poultry farm scholarship

1979-1983                        NIH Cellular and Molecular Biology Training Grant

1983-1985                        Postdoctoral fellowship

2001 Presidential Award for Outstanding Research, 4th Annual Congress of Chinese Andrology Society.

 

Professional Membership

 

1988-present                        American Association for the Advancement of Science

1994-present                        The New York Academy of Sciences

1995-Present                        The Proteome Society

2001-present                        International Society for Sexual and Impotence Research

2002-present                        Society for Basic Urological Research

2003-present                        American Urological Association

 

Intramural Services

 

2002                                Member, PhD student thesis committee, Department of Stomatology, UCSF

2000                        Member, PhD student thesis committee, Department of Stomatology, UCSF

2001                Member, PhD student thesis committee, Department of Stomatology, UCSF

 

Extramural Services

 

1990                        Grant Reviewer, Swiss National Science Council

1988-present        Reviewer for several biomedical journals

1999-present       Member, Animal Care and Use Committee, Notre Dame de Namur University

2001                                Grant Reviewer, The Netherlands Research Council

2003                Committee member, 2nd International Consultation on Erectile and Sexual Dysfunction, Paris, France.

 

 

Invited Speakership

 

1999 Identification of Three PDE5 Isoforms in Human Corpus Cavernosum.  GlaxoWellcome Corporation.  Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA.

1999                Cloning of PDE5 cDNAs and Gene Promoter.  Novartis Corporation.  Horsham, England.

2000                Application of Molecular Biology to Impotence Research.  9th World Meeting on Impotence Research.  Perth, Australia.

2001                Who Needs Viagra?  Chinese Bioscience Association.  Los Altos, California, USA.

2001 Regulation of PDE5A Gene by Sildenafil and Nitroprusside.  PDE5 Roundtable. Napa, California, USA.

2001                How to Apply Molecular Biology to Impotence Research.  Fourth Annual Chinese Andrology Society National Conference.  Hanzhou, China.

2002                Human PDE5A Gene Expression and Regulation.  Gordon Research Conference, South Hadley, Massachusetts, USA.

2002                                Human PDE5A Gene Expression and Regulation.  PDE Think Tank Meeting, Dublin, Ireland.

2003                                Human PDE5A Gene Expression and Regulation.  PDE Think Tank Meeting, Halifax, Canada.

2003                2nd International Consultation on Erectile and Sexual Dysfunction, Paris, France.

 

Patents and Inventions

 

1988 US and European Patents: Plastin Isoforms and Their Uses

Pending US patent: Phosphodiesterase-5A Isoforms

Pending US and European Patents: Methods and Compositions for Preventing and Treating Erectile and Sexual Dysfunction

Pending           Combination Growth Factor Therapy for Neurogenic and Vasculogenic Impotence

Teaching Experience

 

1978-1979       Two semesters of Medical Microbiology Lab

1978-1979       One semester of Immunology Lecture

1979-1981       Four semesters of Medical Microbiology Lecture and Lab

1981-1983       One semester of Immunology Lecture and Lab

1993-1995       Lectures and Lab, 2 hours/week, Anatomy 118, General Histology

1995-present            Lab instruction 10 hours/week, Molecular Biology/Urology

 

Graduate Students Supervised

 

1995-1996                        Li-Yin (Ricking) Chiu

1995-present                        Ming-Guang Yeh

2001-present                        Eric Schwandt

 

Postdoctoral fellows Supervised

 

1986-1988            Madhu Varma

1988-1990            Karabi Ghosh

1991-1993                        Taesun Park

1992-1993            Zong Ping Chen

1998-1999            Che-Chung Yeh

1999-2001            Xiaowei Liu

2001-present            Guiting Lin

 

Postdoctoral Fellows Trained

 

1993-1996            Ken Zhang

1993-1995            Kentaro Matsumoto

1994-1996            JaneYao

1995-1997            Ming-Guang Yeh

1996-1997            Mutsuhiko Murai

1997-1999             Emre Bakircioglu

1998-1999            Ming-Chan Lee

1999-2001            Hao-Chung Ho

2001-2002            Kuo-Chiang Chen

2001-2002             Amr Jad

2001-present             Zhong Wang

 

Research Grants

(All dollar amounts are direct costs)

Years

PI

Source

Amount

Program Title

1988-1993

 

 

1989-1992

 

 

1992-1993

 

 

1993-1994

 

 

1994-1995

 

 

1994-1995

 

 

1994-1995

 

 

1995-1998

 

 

1996-2001

 

 

1998-1999

 

 

1998-2001

 

 

1998-2002

 

 

 

1999-2004

 

 

2000-2001

 

 

2001-2002

 

 

2002-2003

 

 

2002-2007

 

 

2002-2003

 

 

2003-2007

(pending)

 

2003-2007

(pending)

 

2003-2004

(pending)

 

2004-2005

(pending)

J. Leavitt

 

 

C.-S. Lin

 

 

C.-S. Lin

 

 

C.-S. Lin

 

 

C.-S. Lin

 

 

C.-S. Lin

 

 

C.-S. Lin

 

 

C.-S. Lin

 

 

R. Kramer

 

 

C.-S. Lin

 

 

T. F. Lue

 

 

T. F. Lue

 

 

 

M. Berger

 

 

C.-S. Lin

 

 

C.-S. Lin

 

 

C.-S. Lin

 

 

J. Brown

 

 

C.-S. Lin

 

 

C.-S. Lin

 

 

T. F. Lue

 

 

C.-S. Lin

 

 

C.-S. Lin

NIH

 

 

NIH

 

 

Chapman

Research Fund

 

UC Academic Senate

 

NIH SPORE

 

 

UC Academic Senate

 

UC CRCC

 

 

California BCRP

 

NIH

 

 

Calif. Urol. Foundation

 

NIH

 

 

NIH

 

 

 

NIH

 

 

Calif. Urol. Foundation

 

Calif. Urol. Foundation

 

Calif. Urol. Foundation

 

NIH

 

 

Bayer

 

 

NIH

 

 

NIH

 

 

Mt. Zion Health Fund

 

NIH

$635,278

 

 

$220,326

 

 

$18,643

 

 

$17,550

 

 

$18,183

 

 

$14,530

 

 

$30,000

 

 

$304,802

 

 

$485,677

 

 

$15,000

 

 

$800,000

 

 

$1,000,305

 

 

 

$2,163,573 

 

 

$15,000

 

 

$15,000

 

 

$15,000

 

 

$4,220,015

 

 

$100,000

 

 

$700,000

 

 

$1,250,000

 

 

$100,000

 

 

$100,000

Role of Microfilament Proteins in Neoplasia and Metastasis

 

Role of Metaschematin in Neoplasia

 

Role of Integrins in Neoplasia

 

 

Regulation of L-plastin Gene Promoter

 

Role of L-plastin in Breast Cancer

 

L-plastin Function and Regulation in Cancer

 

Role of a6 Integrin in Breast Cancer

 

Role of L-plastin in Breast Cancer

 

Laminin and its Receptors in Oral Cancer

 

Molecular Mechanisms of Peyronie’s Disease

 

Treatment and Prevention of Impotence

 

Molecular Mechanisms of Female Stress Urinary Incontinence

 

Program for Treatment of Malignant Brain Tumor

 

Characterization of VEGF and VEGF Receptors

 

Human PDE5A Gene Expression and Regulation

 

An in vitro Model of Nerve Regrowth

 

Program for Female Urinary Incontinence

 

Effects of Vardenafil on PDE5 Promoter and Isoforms

 

Role of PDE5A in Erectile Dysfunction

 

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Impotence

 

Molecular Analysis of Female Urinary Incontinence Models

 

Role of Mast Cells in Interstitial Cystitis

 

 

Publications  (Peer-reviewed articles only; abstracts and case reports not included. Year in red indicates corresponding authorship)

 

1984      Lin, C.-S. Nucleotide sequence of the essential region of bacteriophage P4. Nucleic Acids Research. 12: 8667-8684.

 

1984          Leavitt, J., Gunning, P., Porreca, P., Ng, S.-Y., Lin, C.-S., and Kedes, L. Molecular cloning and characterization of mutant and wild-type human b-actin genes. Mol. Cell Biol. 4: 1961-1969.

 

1984          Calendar, R., Kahn, M., Six, E., Goldstein, R., Lindqvist, B., Deho, G., Inman, R., Jiang, R.-Z., Lin, C.-S., Lee, S.-J., Lagos, R., Christie, G., Dale, E., and Pierson, L. Genetic map of bacteriophage P4. in Genetic Maps 1984, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.

 

1985      Lin, C.-S., Ng, S.-Y., Gunning, P., Kedes, L., and Leavitt, J. Identification and order of sequential mutations in b-actin genes isolated from increasingly tumorigenic human fibroblast strains, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 82: 6995-6999.

 

1985          Kedes, L., Ng, S.-Y., Lin, C.-S., Gunning, P., Eddy, R., Shows, T., and Leavitt, J. The human beta-actin multigene family. Transactions of the Association of American Physicians 98: 42-46.

 

1988      Lin, C.-S., and Leavitt, J. Cloning and characterization of a cDNA encoding transformation-sensitive tropomyosin isoform 3 from tumorigenic human fibroblasts, Mol. Cell Biol. 8: 160-168.

 

1988      Lin, C.-S., Aebersold, R. H.,  Kent, S. B., Varma, M., and Leavitt, J. Molecular cloning and characterization of plastin, a human leukocyte protein expressed in transformed human fibroblasts. Mol. Cell Biol. 8: 4659-4668.

 

1990      Lin, C.-S., Aebersold, R. H., and Leavitt, J. Correction of the N-terminal sequences of the human plastin isoforms by using anchored polymerase chain reaction:

              identification of a potential calcium-binding domain. Mol. Cell Biol. 10:1818-1821.

 

1990            Gunning, P., Gordon, M., Wade, R., Gahmann, R., Lin, C.-S.,  and Hardeman, E. Differential control of tropomyosin mRNA levels during myogenesis suggests the existence of an isoform competition-autoregulatory compensation control mechanism. Developmental Biol. 138: 443-453.

 

1990          Halling, C., Calendar, R., Christie, G. E., Dale, E. C., Finkel, S., Flensburg, J., Kahn, M. L., Lane, K. B., Lin, C.-S.,  Lindqvist, B. H., Pierson, L. S., Six, E. W., Sunshine, M. G., and Ziermann, R. DNA sequence of satellite bacteriophage P4. Nucleic Acids Research 18: 1649.

 

1990      de Arruda, M., Watson, S., Lin, C.-S.,  Leavitt, J., and Matsudaira, P. Fimbrin is a homolog of the cytoplasmic phosphoprotein plastin and has domains homologous with calmodulin and actin gelation proteins. J. Cell Biol. 111: 1069-1079

 

1993      Lin. C.-S., Park, T., Chen, Z. P., Ghosh, K., and Leavitt, J. Human plastin genes: comparative gene structure, chromosome location, and differential expression in normal and neoplastic cells. J. Biol. Chem. 268: 2781-2792

 

1993      Lin, C.-S.,  Chen, Z. P., Park, T., and Leavitt, J. Characterization of the human L-

              plastin gene promoter in normal and neoplastic cells. J. Biol. Chem. 268: 2793-2801.

 

1993      Novy, R. E., Liu, L.-F., Lin, C.-S.,  Helfman, D. M., and Lin, J. J. C. Expression of smooth muscle and nonmuscle tropomyosins in Escherichia coli and characterization of bacterially produced tropomyosins. Biochimica et Biophysics Acta 1162: 255-265.

 

1993      Lin, C.-S.,  Zhang, K., and Kramer, R. H. a6 integrin is up-regulated in step-increments accompanying neoplastic transformation and tumorigenic conversion of human fibroblasts. Cancer Res. 53: 2950-2953.

 

1993          Ziober, B. L., Vu, M. P., Waleh, N., Crawford, J., Lin, C.-S.,  and Kramer, R. H. Alternative extracellular and cytoplasmic domains of the integrin a7 subunit are differentially expressed during development. J. Biol. Chem. 268: 26773-26783.

 

1993      Novy, R. E., Liu, L.-F., Lin, C.-S.,  and Lin, J. J. C. Human fibroblast tropomyosin isoforms: characterization of cDNA clones and analysis of tropomyosin isoform expression in human tissues and in normal and transformed cells. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton. 25: 267-281.

 

1994      Lin, C.-S.,  Shen, W., Chen, Z. P., Tu, Y.-H., and Matsudaira, P. Identification of I-plastin, a human fimbrin isoform expressed in intestine and kidney. Mol. Cell Biol. 14: 2457-2467.

 

1995          Adams, A, E. M., Shen, W., Lin, C.-S.,  Leavitt, J., and Matsudaira, P. Isoform-specific complementation of the yeast sac6 null mutation by human fimbrin. Mol. Cell Biol. 15: 69-75.

 

1996          Ziober, B. L., Lin, C.-S.,  and Kramer, R. H. Laminin-binding integrins in tumor progression and metastasis. Seminars in Cancer Biology 7: 119-128.

 

1997      Lin, C.-S.,  Chang, C.-H., and Huynh, T. The murine L-plastin gene promoter:

              Identification and comparison with the human L-plastin gene promoter DNA and Cell Biol. 16: 9-16.

 

1997          Beviglia, L., Matsumoto, K., Lin, C.-S.,  Ziober, B. L., and Kramer, R. H. Expression of the c-Met/HGF receptor in human breast carcinoma: correlation with tumor progression.  International J. Cancer 74: 301-309.

 

1997      Lin, C.-S.,  Chen, Y. Q., Huynh, T., and Kramer, R. H. Identification of the human a6 integrin gene promoter. DNA and Cell Biol. 16: 929-937.

 

1997      Lin, C.-S.,  A method to reverse the order of multiple cloning sites. BioTechniques 23:

               220-221.

 

1998      Lin, C.-S., Lau, A. and Lue, T. F. Analysis and mapping of plastin phosphorylation. DNA and Cell Biol. 17: 1041-1046.

 

1998      Lin, C.-S., Lau, A., Bakircioglu, E., Tu, R., Wu, F., Week, S., Nunes, L., and Lue, T. F. Analysis of Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase Isoform Expression and Identification of Human nNOS-m. Biochem. Biophyis. Res. Comm. 253: 388-394.

 

1999      Lin, C.-S., Lau, A., Huynh, T., and Lue, T. F. Differential regulation of human T-plastin gene in leukocytes arid non-leukocytes: Identification of the promoter, enhancer, and CpG island. DNA and Cell Biol. 18: 17-27.

 

1999      Lin, C.-S., El-Sakka, A. I., Chui, R. M., Dahiya, R, and Lue, T. F.  Effects of diabetes on nitric oxide synthase and growth factor genes and protein expression in an animal model. Intl. J. Impot. Res. 11(3):123-132.

 

1999      Ruan, H., Wang, J., Hu, L., Lin, C.-S., Lamborn, K. R., and Deen, D. F. Killing of brain tumor cells by hypoxia-responsive element mediated expression of BAX.  Neoplasia. 1: 431-437.

 

2000          Bakircioglu, M. E, Sievert, K.-D., Lau, A, Lin, C.-S., and Lue, T. F. The effect of pregnancy and delivery on the function and ultrastructure of the rat bladder and urethra. BJU Internatl. 85: 350-361.

 

2000      Lin, C.-S., Lau, A., Yeh, C.-C., Chang, C.-H., and Lue, T. F. Up-regulation of L-plastin gene by testosterone in breast and prostate cancer cells: identification of three cooperative androgen receptor binding sequences. DNA and Cell Biol. 19: 1-7.

 

2000      Lin, C.-S., Lau, A., Tu, R., and Lue, T. F. Expression of three isoforms of cGMP-binding cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase (PDE5) in human penile cavernosum. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 268: 628-635.

 

2000      Lin, C.-S., Lau, A., Tu, R., and Lue, T. F. Identification of three alternative first exons and an intronic promoter of human PDE5A gene. Biochem Biophys Res Commun.  268: 596-602.

 

2000          Bakircioglu, M. E., Hsu, K., El-Sakka, A., Sievert, K.-D., Lin, C.-S., and Lue, T.F. Effect of a Chinese herbal medicine mixture on a rat model of hypercholesterolemic erectile dysfunction. J. Urol. 164(5): 1798-1801.

 

2001      Lin, C.-S., Chow, S., Lau, A., Tu, R., and Lue, T. F. Identification and regulation of human PDE5A gene promoter. Biochem Biophys Res Commun.  280: 684-692.

 

2001      Lin, C.-S., Chow, S., Lau, A., Tu, R., and Lue, T. F. Regulation of human PDE5A2 intronic promoter by cAMP and cGMP: identification of a critical Sp1-binding site. Biochem Biophys Res Commun.  280: 693-699.

 

2001       Lin, C.-S., Liu, X., Spencer, E. M., and Lue, T. F. Insulin-like growth factor-I promotes proliferation and migration of cavernous smooth muscle cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 280: 1307-1315.

 

2001          Bakircioglu, M. E., Lin, C.-S., Fan, P., Sievert, K.-D., Wefer, J.,  Kan, Y. W., and Lue, T. F. The effect of adeno-associated virus-mediated brain-derived neurotrophic factor in an animal model for neurogenic impotence. J. Urol. 165: 2103-2109.

 

2001      Lin, C.-S., Liu, X., Graziottin, T., Resplande, J., and Lue, T. F. Vascular endothelial growth factor promotes proliferation and migration of cavernous smooth muscle cells. J. Urol. 166: 354-360.

 

2001      Lin, C.-S., Ho, H.-C.,Gholami, S., Chen, K.-C., Jad, A., and Lue, T. F. Gene expression profiling of an arteriogenic impotence model. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 285: 565-569.

 

2001          Bakircioglu, M. E., Sievert, K.-D., Nunes, L., Lau, A., Lin, C.-S.,  and Lue, T. F. Decreased trabecular smooth muscle and caveolin-1 expression in penile tissue of aged rats. J. Urol. 166: 734-738.

 

2001      Lin, C.-S.,  and Lue, T. F. Application of molecular biology to impotence research. Molec. Urol. 91-98.

 

2001      Lin, C.-S., Liu, X., Tu, R., Chow, S., and Lue, T. F. Age-related decrease of protein kinase G activation in vascular smooth muscle cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 287: 244-248.

 

2001      El-Sakka, A. I.,Yen, T. S., Lin, C.-S., and Lue, T. F. Traumatic arteriogenic erectile dysfunction: a rat model.  Intl. J. Impot. Res. 13:162-171.

 

2002      Lee, M.-C., El-Sakka, A. I., Graziottin, T., Ho, H.-C., Lin, C.-S., and Lue, T. F. The effect of vascular endothelial growth factor on a rat model of traumatic arteriogenic erectile dysfunction. J. Urol. 167: 761-769.

 

2002      Lin, C.-S., Chow, S., Lau, A., Tu, R., and Lue, T. F. Human PDE5A gene encodes three PDE5 isoforms from two alternate promoters. Intl. J. Impot. Res. 14: 15-24.

 

2002      Lin, C.-S., Liu, X., Chow, S., and Lue, T. F. Cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP activate protein kinase G in cavernous smooth muscle cells: Old age is a negative factor.  BJU International. 89: 576-582.

 

2002         Resplante, J., Gholami, S. S., Graziottin, T. M., Rogers, R., Lin, C.-S., Leng, W., Lue, T. F. Long-term effect of ovariectomy and simulated birth trauma on the lower urinary tract of female rats.  J. Urol. 168: 323-330.

 

2002      Lin, C.-S., Ho, H.-C., Chen, K.-C., Lin, G., Nunes, L., and Lue, T. F. Intracavernous injection of vascular endothelial growth factor Induces nitric oxide synthase isoforms. BJU International 89: 955-960.

 

2002      Lin, C.-S., Lin, G., Chen, K.-C., Ho, H.-C., and Lue, T. F. Vascular endothelial growth factor induces IP-10 chemokine expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 292: 79-82.

 

2002      Lin, C.-S., Lin, G., Wang, Z, Maddah, S. A., and Lue, T. F. Upregulation of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 and effects of transforming growth factor-beta 1 in Peyronie's disease. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 295: 1014-1019.

 

2003         Gholami, G. S., Gonzalez-Cadavid, N. F., Lin, C.-S., Rajfer, J., and Lue, T. F. Peyronie’s disease: A review.  J. Urol. 169: 1234-1241.

 

2003              Rogers, R. S., Graziottin, T. M., Lin, C.-S., Fan, P., Kan, Y. W., and Lue, T. F.

Intracavernosal vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injection and adeno-associated virus-mediated VEGF gene therapy prevent and reverse venogenic erectile dysfunction in rats. Intl. J. Impot. Res. 15: 26-37.

 

2003         Gholami, G. S., Rogers, R., Chang, J., Ho, H.-C., Grazziottin, T., Lin, C.-S., and Lue, T. F. The effect of VEGF and adeno-associated virus mediated BDNF on neurogenic and vasculogenic erectile dysfunction induced by hyperlipidemia. J. Urol. 169: 1577-1581.

 

2003      Xin, Z.C., Kim, E.K., Lin, C.-S., Liu, W.J., Tian, L., Yuan, Y.M., and Fu, J. Effects of icariin on cGMP-specific PDE5 and cAMP-specific PDE4 activities. Asian. J. Androl. 5:15-18.

 

2003      Lin, C.-S., Xin, Z.-C., Lin, G., and Lue, T. F. Phosphodiesterases as therapeutic targets. Urology 61:685-691.

 

2003      Lin, C.-S., Lin, G., and Lue, T. F. Isolation of two phosphodiesterase 5 isoforms from rat penis. Intl. J. Impot. Res. 15:129-136.

 

2003      Lin, G., Xin, Z.-C., Lue, T. F., and Lin, C.-S. Up- and down-regulation of phosphodiesterase-5 as related to tachyphylaxis and priapism.  J. Urol. In press.

 

2003      Lin, C.-S. Tissue expression, distribution, and regulation of PDE5. Intl. J. Impot. Res. In press.

 

2003      Lin, C.-S. and Lue, T. F. Growth factor therapy and neuronal nitric oxide synthase. Intl. J. Impot. Res. In press.

 

2003      Lin, G., Chen, K.-C., Hsieh, P.-S., and Lue, T. F., and Lin, C.-S. Neurotrophic effects of vascular endothelial growth factor and neurotrophins on cultured major pelvic ganglia. BJU Intl. In press.

 

2003         Wang, Z., Lin, G., Lue, T. F., and Lin, C.-S. Wogonin Suppresses Cellular Proliferation and Expression of Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1 in Peyronie’s Plaque-Derived Cells. BJU Intl. In press.

 

2003      Lin, C.-S. and Lue, T. F. Cyclic nucleotide signaling in vascular and cavernous smooth muscle: Aging-related changes.  In Advances in cell aging and gerontology: volume “Protein phosphorylation in aging” Editor: M.P. Mattson.  Publisher: Elsevier.  In press.