Department
of Obstetrics and Gynecology
University
of Michigan Medical School
11/1/73-
4/30/76 Postdoctoral
Fellow
Department
of Obstetrics and Gynecology
University
of Michigan Medical School
Ann
Arbor, Michigan
7/1/72 –
10/15/73 Senior
Research Scholar
Council
of Scientific and Industrial Research
Division
of Biochemistry
Central
Drug Research Institute
Lucknow,
India
1990-Present Research
Career Scientist award, Medical Research Service, Department of Veterans
Affairs
1974 -
1976 Postdoctoral
Fellowship
Population
Council, New York
1973 -
1974 Postdoctoral
Fellowship
University
of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
1972 -
1973 Senior
Research Fellowship
Council
of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi, India
1968 -
1971 Junior
Research Fellowship
Council
of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi, India
1964 - 1968 University
Merit Scholarship, Lucknow University, Lucknow, India
The
Endocrine Society
The
Society for the Study of Reproduction
The
American Association for the Advancement of Science
American
Federation for Clinical Research
American
Diabetes Association
The
American Society for Cell Biology
The
American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
The
American Chemical Society
The
Protein Society
The
Oxygen Society
Home Address 2021
Orestes way
Campbell,
CA 95008
Telephone: (408)
374-5294 or (408) 374-8199
E-mail: sitapur@aol.com
Publications
1.
Azhar,
S. and Krishna Murti, C.R. Effect of indole-3-acetic acid on
the synthesis of cyclic 3-5'-adenosine phosphate by Bengal gram seeds. Biochem.
Biophys. Res. Comm. 43:58-64, 1971.
2.
Azhar,
S. and Krishna Murti, C.R. Induction of tryptophan oxygenase
in Cicer arietinum seedlings by
indole-3-acetic acid and cyclic 3', 5'-adenosine monophos-phate. Indian J. Biochem. Biophys.
8:210-213,1971.
3.
Azhar,
S., Srivastava, A.K., and Krishna Murti, C.R. Compositional changes during the
germination of Cicer arietinum.
Phytochemistry 11:3173-3179,
1972.
4.
Srivastava, A.K., Azhar, S., and Krishna Murti, C.R. Inhibition of germination
in Cicer arietinum. Phytochemistry
11:3181-3185, 1972.
5.
Balasaraswathi, K., Azhar, S., and Krishna Murti, C.R. Changes in catalase, fructo-sediphosphate aldolase,
aspartate and alanine aminotransferase and acid phosphatase activities and
amino acid uptake by rabbit erythrocytes during experimental reticulocytosis. Indian J. Biochem. Biophys. 10:18-22, 1973.
6.
Babu, C.R., Azhar,
S., and Krishna Murti, C.R. A
possible involvement of cyclic 3:5'-adenosine monophosphate in the maturation
of mammalian reticulocytes. Curr. Sci.42: 463-464, 1973.
7.
Srivastava, A.K., Azhar, S., and Krishna Murti, C.R. Stimulation of RNA synthesis in Cicer arietinum seedings
by cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate. FEBS
Lett. 33:239-240, 1973.
8.
Azhar,
S. and Mohan Rao, V.K.
Deoxyribonuclease activity of Entamoeba
histolytica Zbl. Bakt. Hyg., I. Abt. Orig. A.
225:553-561, 1973.
9.
Srivastava, A.K., Azhar, S., and Krishna Murti, C.R. Action of indole-3-acetic acid
on the in vitro synthesis of tryptophan oxygenase by Cicer arietinum seedlings. Indian J. Biochem. Biophys.
10:191-194,1973.
10. Azhar, S.,
Mukhtar, H., Dutta, G.P., and Mohan Rao, V.K. Changes in the level of hydrolytic enzymes in the caecum and
the intestine of rats infected with a virulent strain of Entamoeba histolytica intracaecally. Indian J. Med. Res.
62:573-580, 1974.
11. Srivastava,
A.K., Azhar, S., and Krishna Murti,
C.R. Activation of adenyalte cyclase in the early phase of germination. FEBS Lett. 47:330-332, 1974.
12. Srivastava,
A.K., Azhar, S., and Krishna Murti,
C.R. A possible role of cyclic 3', 5'-adenosine monophosphate in the
germination of Cicer arietinum seeds. Phytochemistry
14:903-907, 1975.
13. Azhar, S.
and Mohan Rao, V.K. Ribonuclease activity of Entamoeba histolytica.
Zbl. Bakt. Hyg. I. Abt. Orig. A. 230:270-278, 1975.
14. Azhar S.
and Menon, K.M.J. Cyclic adenosine
3', 5'-monophosphate and lutenizing hormone stimulated protein kinase from
bovine corpus luteum: Evidence for
activation through separate mechanisms.
FEBS Lett. 51:25-28, 1975.
15. Azhar, S.
and Menon, K.M.J. Adenosine 3',
5'-monophosphate dependent phosphoryla-tion of ribosomes and ribosomal subunits
from bovine corpus luteum. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 392:64-74, 1975.
16. Srivastava,
A.K., Azhar, S., and Krishna Murti,
C.R. Tryptophan metabolism in Cicer arietinum. Acta
Vitamin. Enzymol. (Milano) 29:275-277, 1975.
17. Azhar, S.,
and Menon, K.M.J. Adenosine 3',
5'-monophosphate dependent and plasma membranes associated protein kinase from
bovine corpus luteum.
Solubilization and properties of solubilized enzyme. Eur.
J. Biochem. 58:105-115,1975.
18. Azhar, S.
and Menon, K.M.J. Solubilization and characterization of phospho protein
posphatase(s) from bovine corpus luteum membranes. Eur. J. Biochem.
55:487-495,1975.
19. Babu,
C.R., Azhar, S., and Krishna Murti,
C.R. Loss of epinephrine
stimulated synthesis of cyclic adenosine 3', 5'-monophosphate during maturation
of rabbit and human reticulocytes.
Med. Biol. 53:148-153, 1975.
20. Azhar, S.
and Menon, K.M.J. Adenosine 3',
5'-cyclic-monophosphate dependent and plasma membrane associated protein
kinase(s) from bovine corpus luteum:
Properties of associated enzyme and phosphorylation of specific plasma -
membrane proteins. Biochem. J. 151:23-36, 1975.
21. Babu,
C.R. and Azhar, S. Changes in membrane
constituents and membrane bound enzymes during the maturation of rabbit
reticulocytes. Indian J. Biochem. Biophys.
13:79-83,1976.
22. Azhar, S.,
Clark, M.R., and Menon, K.M.J.
Regulation of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate dependent protein
kinase of rat ovarian cells by lutenizing hormone and human chorionic
gonadotropin. Endocr. Res. Comm. 3:93-104, 1976.
23. Thambyrajah,
V., Azhar, S., and Menon,
K.M.J. Sedimentation behavior of
solubilized gonadotropin receptor from plasma membrane of bovine corpus
luteum. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 428:35-44, 1976.
24. Srivastava,
A.K. and Azhar, S. Cyclic nucleotide
phosphodiesterase activity in Cicer arietinum. Curr. Sci. 45:21,
1976.
25. Clark,
M.R., Azhar, S., and Menon, K.M.J.
Ovarian adenosine 3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate dependent protein kinase(s): Regulation by choriogonadotropin and
lutropin in rat ovarian cells. Biochem. J. 158:175-182, 1976.
26. Azhar, S.
and Menon, K.M. J. Gonadotropin
receptors in plasma membranes of bovine corpus luteum. I. Effect of phospholipases
on the binding of 125I-choriogonadotropin by membrane associated-
and solubilized receptors. J. Biol. Chem. 251:7398-7404, 1976.
27. Azhar, S.,
Hajra, A.K., and Menon, K.M.J.
Gonadotropin receptors in plasma membranes of bovine corpus luteum. II. Role of membrane
phospholipids. J. Biol. Chem. 251:7405-7412, 1976.
28. Azhar, S.
and Menon, K.M.J. Cyclic
nucleotide phosphodiesterase from rat anterior pituitary: characterization of
multiple forms and regulation by protein activator and Ca2+. Eur.
J. Biochem.73:73-82, 1977.
29. Menon,
K.M.J., Gunaga, K.P., and Azhar, S. GnRH action in rat anterior pituitary
gland: Regulation of protein, glycoprotein and LH synthesis. Acta.
Endocrinol. 86:473-488, 1977.
30. Azhar, S,
Reel, J.R., Pastushok, C.A., and Menon, K.M.J. LH biosynthesis and secretion in rat anterior pituitary cell
cultures: Stimulation of LH glycosylation and secretion by GnRH and an
agonistic analogue and blockade by an antagonistic analogue. Biochem.
Biophys. Res. Comm. 80:659-666, 1978.
31. Menon,
K.M.J. and Azhar, S. Adenosine 3', 5'-cyclic-monophosphate
dependent protein kinase(s) of rat ovarian cells: Gonadotropin regulation of adenosine 3', 5'-cyclic
monophosphate receptor activity. Biochem. J. 172:433-442, 1978.
32. Azhar, S.
and Menon, K.M.J. Stimulation of
ribunucleic acid synthesis in luteninized rat ovary by cyclic 3',5'-adenosine
monophosphate. Biol. Reprod. 19:346-357, 1978.
33. Azhar, S.
and Menon, K.M.J. Differential
actions of gangliosides on gonadotropin and cholera enterotoxin stimulated
adenosine 3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate dependent protein kinases in isolated rat
ovarian cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 81:205-211, 1978.
34. Azhar, S.,
Fitzpatrick, P., and Menon, K.M.J.
Role of gangliosides in gonadotropin and cholera entertoxin stimulated
steroidogenesis in isolated rat ovarian cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res.
Comm. 83:493-500, 1978.
35. Azhar, S.,
Fanelli, C., and Menon, K.M.J.
Gonadotropin induced stimulation and desensitization of cyclic 3',
5'-adenosine dependent protein kinase(s) in the rat ovary. Endocr.
Res. Commun. 5:1-19, 1978.
36. Azhar, S.
and Menon, K.M.J. Receptor
mediated gonadotropin action in the ovary: Regulatory role of cyclic nucleotide
phosphodiesterase(s) in intracellular adenosine 3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate
turnover and gonadotropin stimulated progesterone production by rat ovarian
cells. Biochem. J. 180:201-211, 1979.
37. Azhar, S.
and Menon, K.M.J. Receptor
mediated gonadotropin action in ovary: Differential effects of various
gangliosides and cholera enterotoxin on 125I-choriogonadotropin
binding, production of adenosine 3', 5' monophosphate and steroidogenesis in
rat ovarian cells. Eur. J. Biochem. 94:77-85, 1979.
38. Sen,
K.K., Azhar, S., and Menon,
K.M.J. Receptor mediated
gonadotropin action in the ovary.
Desensitization of receptor binding sites, activation of adenosine 3',
5'-cyclic monophosphate dependent protein kinase(s) and regulation of
steroidogenesis in rat ovary. J. Biol.
Chem. 254:5664-5671, 1979.
39. Sen,
K.K., Azhar, S., and Menon,
K.M.J. Evidence for the
involvement of an energy dependent process in gonadotropin releasing hormone
stimulated luteinizing hormone release by rat anterior pituitary. Endocrinology
105:1158-1161, 1979.
40. Menon,
M., Azhar, S., and Menon,
K.M.J. Evidence that Danazol inhibits
gonadotropin induced ovarian steroidogenesis at a point distal to
gonadotropin-receptor interaction and adenosine 3', 5' cyclic monophosphate
formation. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 136: 524-530, 1980.
41. Reddy,
P.V., Azhar, S., and Menon,
K.M.J. Multiple inhibitory actions
of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone agonist on luteinizing hormone/human
choriogonadotropin receptor mediated ovarian responses. Endocrinology
107: 930-936, 1980.
42. Azhar, S.,
Menon, M., and Menon, K.M.J.
Receptor mediated gonadotropin action in the ovary: Modulation of progesterone response in
isolated rat ovarian cells by gonadotropin cholera enterotoxin and cyclic
nucleotides: requirement for RNA
and protein synthesis. Acta Endocrinol. 95: 528-539, 1980.
43. Azhar, S.
and Menon, K.M.J. Receptor mediate
gonadotropin action in the ovary: Effect of cytoskeletal element - disrupting
agents on gonadotropin induced steroidogenesis in rat luteal cells. Biochem.
J. 194: 19-27, 1981.
44. Reaven,
E and Azhar, S. The effect of
various hepatic membrane fractions on microtubule assembly with special
emphasis on the role of membrane phospholipids. J. Cell Biol. 89:
300-308,1981.
45. Azhar, S.
and Menon, K.M.J. Receptor
mediated gonadotropin action in the ovary: Possible regulatory role of cell surface
sialic acid in gonadotropin interaction to gonadotropin receptors from bovine
corpus luteum plasma membranes. Eur. J. Biochem. 118: 25-31, 1981.
46. Azhar, S.,
Menon, M., and Menon, K.M.J.
Receptor mediated gonadotropin action in the ovary: Demonstration of acute dependence of
rat luteal cells on exogenously supplied steroid precursor (sterols) for
gonadotropin induced steroidogenesis.
Biochim. Biophys. Acta 665:
362-375, 1981.
47. Azhar, S.
and Menon, K.M.J. Receptor
mediated gonadotropin action in the ovary: Rat luteal cells preferentially
utilize and acutely dependent upon the plasma lipoprotein supplied sterols in
gonadotropin stimulated steroid production. J. Biol. Chem.
256: 6548-6555, 1981.
48. Azhar, S.
and Menon, K.M.J.
Receptor-mediated gonadotropin action in the ovary. Inhibitory actions
of concanavalin A and wheat-germ agglutinin on gonadotropin-stimulated cyclic
AMP and progesterone responses in ovarian cells. Biochem. J. 200:
153-159, 1981.
49. Verschoor-Klootwyk,
A.H., Verchoor, L., Azhar, S., and
Reaven, G.M. Role of exogenous cholesterol in regulation of adrenal
steroidogenesis in the rat. J. Biol. Chem. 257: 7666-7671, 1982.
50. Azhar, S.
and Reaven, E.P. Effect of
antimicrotubule agents on microtubules and steroidogenesis in luteal
cells. Amer. J. Physiol. 243: E380-E386, 1982.
51. Azhar, S.,
and Menon, K.M.J. Receptor
mediated gonadotropin action in gonadal tissues: Relationship between blood cholesterol levels and
gonadotropin stimulated steroidogenesis in isolated rat Leydig and luteal cells. J.
Steroid Biochem. 16: 175-184, 1982.
52. Pont,
A., Williams, P.L, Azhar, S., Reitz,
R.E., Bochra, C., Smith, E.R., and Stevens, D.A. Ketoconazole blocks testosterone synthesis. Arch.
Int. Med. 142: 2137-2140, 1982.
53. Reaven,
E., Solomon, R., Azhar, S., and
Reaven, G. Functional homogeneity
of pancreatic islets of aging rats. Metabolism
31: 859-860, 1982.
54. Azhar, S.,
Chen, Y-D.I., and Reaven, G.M.
Stimulation of lipoprotein receptors and role of lipoprotein and
cellular cholesterol during gonadotropin induced desensitization of
steroidogenic response in luteinized rat ovary. J. Biol. Chem.
258: 3735-3740, 1983.
55. Azhar, S.,
Hwang, S.F., and Reaven, E. Effect
of antimicrotubule agents on terminal glycosyltransferases and other enzymes
associated with rat liver subcellular fractions. Biochem. J. 212: 721-731, 1983.
56. Reaven,
E., Jensen, C.G., Spicher, M., and Azhar,
S. Unique microtubules in
luteal cells from superovulated rats. J.
Ultrastruc. Res. 83: 284-295, 1983.
57. Azhar, S.,
Ho, H., Reaven, E.P., and Reaven, G.M.
Evidence of an age-related decline in mitochondral glycerophosphate
dehydrogenase activity of isolated rat islets. Metabolism 32: 1019-1021, 1983.
58. Bogardus,
C., Thuillez, P., Ravussin E., Vasquez, B., Narimiya, M., and Azhar, S. Effect of muscle glycogen depletion on in vivo insulin
action in man. J. Clin. Invest. 72: 1605-1610, 1983.
59. Gibori,
G., Chen, Y-D.I., Kahn, I., Azhar, S.,
and Reaven, G.M. Regulation of luteal cell lipoprotein receptors, sterol
contents and steroidogenesis by estradiol in the pregnant rat. Endocrinology
114: 609-617, 1984.
60. Narimiya,
M., Azhar, S., Dolkas, C.B., Mondon,
C.E., Sims, S., Wright, D.W., and Reaven, G.M. Insulin resistance in older rats. Am. J. Physiol.
246 (Endocrinol. Metab. 9): E397-E404, 1984.
61. Khan,
I., Azhar, S., Chen, Y-D.I., and
Gibori, G. Steroid effects on HMG-CoA reductase and side- chain cleavage enzyme
activities in luteal cells. Proceedings of the 5th Ovarian Workshop.
(Toft, D.O., and Ryan, R.J., Eds.,) pp 369-374, 1984.
62. Azhar, S.,
Chen, Y-D.I., and Reaven, G.M.
Gonadotropin modulation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG
CoA) reductase activity in lutenized rat ovary. Biochemistry 23:
4533-4538, 1984.
63. Reaven,
E., Chen, Y-D.I., Spicher, M., and Azhar,
S., Morphological evidence that high density lipoproteins are not
internalized by steroid-producing cells during in situ organ profusion. J.
Clin. Invest. 74: 1384-1397,
1984.
64. Gibori,
G., Khan, M.I., Sridaran, R., Chen, Y-D.I., Azhar, S., Rao, M.C., Jayatilak, P., and Gruber, J.R. Secretion and
action of steroids in the luteal cell.
In Hormonal Control of the
Hypothalamo-Pituitary Gonadal Axis, (McKerns, K. W., Ed.) New York, Plenum
Publishing, pp. 289-307, 1984.
65. Narimiya,
M., Chang, H., Azhar, S., and
Reaven, G.M. Amelioration of
streptozotocin-induced diabetes in the rat by exercise training: Role of muscle
glycogenolytic enzyme activity. Horm.
Metab. Res. 16 (Supple.): 67-70, 1984.
66. Azhar, S.,
Hwang, S-F., and Reaven, E.
Effects of antimicrotubule agents on phospholipid metabolism in rat
hepatic subcellular membranes. Biochem. Pharm. 34: 3153-3159,1985.
67. Reaven,
E., Chen, Y-D.I., and Azhar, S. Evidence for differences in low-density
lipoprotein processing by ovarian cells in vitro and in vivo. In Lipoprotein
and Cholesterol Metabolism in Steroidogenic Tissues, (Strauss, III, J.F.,
and Menon, K.M.J., Eds.) Philadelphia, George R. Stickley Co., pp. 163-169,
1985.
68. Azhar, S.,
Khan, I, Chen, Y-D.I., Reaven, G.M., and Gibori, G., Regulation of luteal cell
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity by estradiol. Biol.
Reprod. 32:333-341, 1985.
69. Chen,
Y-D.I., Azhar, S., Kraemer, F.B.,
and Reaven, G.M. Characterization
of uptake and degradation of rat HDL by testicular cells and purified Leydig
cells from the rat. In Lipoprotein and cholesterol Metabolism in
Steroidogenic Tissues, (Strauss, III, J.F., and Menon, K.M.J., Eds.)
Philadelphia, George R. Stickley Co., pp. 187-195, 1985.
70. Dall'Aglio,
E., Reaven, G., and Azhar, S. Evidence that insulin deficiency in the
rat has disparate effects on fructose 2, 6 bisphosphate levels in muscle and
liver. Endocrinology 118:108-111, 1986.
71. Tsujimoto,
A., Tsujimoto, G., Azhar, S., and
Hoffman, B.B. Altered
responsiveness to alpha and beta adrenergic stimulation in cultured
hepatocytes. Biochem. Pharm. 35:1400-1404, 1986.
72. Azhar, S.,
Chen, Y-D.I., and Reaven, E. The effect of colchicine on cholesterol processing
by the progesterone-producing cells of the luteinized ovary. J. Steroid Biochem. 24:739-745, 1986.
73. Reaven,
E., Chen, Y-D.I., Spicher, M., Hwang, S-F., Mondon, C.E., and Azhar, S. Uptake of low- density lipoproteins by rat tissues: Special
emphasis on the luteinized ovary. J. Clin.
Invest. 77:1971-1984, 1986.
74. Popplewell,
P.Y., Tsubokawa, M., Ramachandran, J., and Azhar,
S. Differential effects of aging on ACTH receptors, adenosine 3', 5' cyclic
monophosphate response and corticosterone secretion in adrenocortical cells
from Sprague-Dawley rats. Endocrinology 119:2206-2213, 1986.
75. Tsujimoto,
G., Tsujumoto, A., Azhar, S., and
Hoffman, B.B. Mechanism of age-related alterations in response to a and
b-adrenergic stimulation in rat hepatocytes and its reversal in primary
culture. In Dimensions in Aging (Bergener, M., Ermini, M., Stahelin, G.B.,
Eds.), Academic Press (London), pp. 161-177, 1986.
76. Warshaw,
M.L., Johnson, D.C., Azhar, S., and
Gibori, G. Opposite effect of LH/hCG on placental and ovarian synthesis of
androstenedione. Endocrinology 120:2003-2010, 1987.
77. Dall'Aglio,
E., Chang, H., Reaven, G.M., and Azhar,
S. Age related changes in rat
muscle glycogen synthase activity.
J. Gerontol. 42:168-172, 1987.
78. Popplewell,
P.Y., Butte, J., and Azhar, S. Influence of age on steroidogenic
enzyme activities of adrenal gland of the rat: Enhanced expression of
cholesterol side-chain cleavage activity. Endocrinology
120:2521-2528, 1987.
79. Popplewell,
P.Y., and Azhar, S. Effects of aging on cholesterol content
and cholesterol metabolizing enzymes in rat adrenal gland. Endocrinology
121:64-73, 1987.
80. Azhar, S.,
Butte, J., Reaven, E.
Calcium-activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinases from rat
liver; Subcellular distribution purification and characterization of multiple
forms. Biochemistry 26: 7047-7057, 1987.
81. Rosenbaum
J.S., Azhar, S. and Hoffman,
B.B. Alpha2-adrenergic
receptor-mediated polyphosphoinositide breakdown in DDT1-MF-2 cells:
Lack of evidence of desensitization after prolonged exposure to
epinephrine. Biochem. Pharmacol. 36:4335-4340, 1987.
82. Azhar, S.,
Reaven, E. Differential secretion
of proteins and glycoproteins by livers of immature and adult rats: Effect of
antimicrotubule drugs. Biochem. Pharmacol. 37: 2339-2355, 1988.
83. Reaven,
E., Boyles, J., Spicher, M., Azhar, S. Evidence for surface entrapment of
cholesterol-rich lipoproteins in the luteinized ovary. Arteriosclerosis
8:298-309, 1988.
84. Gibori,
G., Khan, I., Warshaw, M.L., McLean, M.P., Puryear, T.K., Nelson, S., Durkee,
T.J., Azhar, S., Steinschneider, A.,
and Rao, M.C. Placental derived
regulators and the complex control of luteal function. Recent
Prog. Horm. Res. 44:377-429,
1988.
85. Azhar, S.,
Cooper, A., Tsai, L., Maffe, W., Reaven, E. Characterization of BE receptor function in the luteinized
ovary. J. Lipid Res. 29:869-882,
1988.
86. Azhar, S.,
Butte, J., and Reaven, E.
Identification of isoenzymic forms of hepatic Ca2+-activated
phospholipid-dependent protein kinase in various animal models. Biochem.
Biophys. Res. Commun.
155:1017-1025, 1988.
87. Azhar, S.,
Ho, H., Reaven, E., Reaven, G.
Evidence for age-related changes in pyridine nucleotide content of
isolated rat islets. Horm. Metab. Res.
20:559-561, 1988.
88. Azhar, S.,
Khan, I., Puryear, T., Chen, Y.-D.I. and Gibori, G. Regulation of luteal cell
3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl Coenzyme A reductase activity and cholesterol
metabolism throughout pregnancy in the rat. Endocrinology
123:1495-1503, 1988.
89. Azhar, S.,
Tsai, L., Maffe, B., Reaven, E.
Cultivation of rat granulosa cells in a serum free chemically defined
medium - A useful model to study lipoprotein metabolism. Biochim.
Biophys. Acta 963:139-150, 1988.
90. Reaven,
E., Kostrna, M., Ramachandran, J., Azhar,
S. Structure and function
changes in rat adrenal glands during aging. Amer.
J. Physiol. 255:E903-E911, 1988.
91. Santos,
R.F., Mondon, C., Reaven, G.M., and Azhar,
S. Effect of exercise training
on the relationship between insulin binding and insulin-stimulated tyrosine
kinase activity in rat skeletal muscle. Metabolism
38:376-386, 1989.
92. Santos,
R.F., Azhar, S., Mondon, C., and
Reaven, E. Prevention of insulin
resistance by environmental manipulation as young rats mature. Horm.
Metab. Res. 21:55-58, 1989.
93. Azhar, S.,
Butte, J., Reaven, E.
Calcium-activation phospholipid-dependent protein kinases from rat
liver: characterization of purified isoenzymic forms. Int. J. Biochem.
21:209-218,1989.
94. Steinschneider,
A., McLean, M.P., Bilheimer, J.T., Azhar,
S., and Gibori, G. Protein
kinase C catalyzed phosphorylation of sterol carrier protein 2. Endocrinology
125:569-671, 1989
95. Azhar, S.,
Khan, I., and Gibori, G. The influence of estradiol on cholesterol processing
by the corpus luteum. Biol. Reprod. 40:961-971, 1989.
96. Azhar, S.,
and Reaven, E. Differences in
uptake of high-density lipoproteins by rat adrenals using in vivo vs.
in situ perfusion technqiues.
Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1004:61-66,
1989.
97. Munoz,
E., Trijimoto, G., Tsujimoto, A., Azhar,
S., and Hoffman, B.B.
Desensitization of alpha, adrenergic receptor - stimulated glycogen
phosphorylase activity in vascular smooth muscle. J. Cardiovascular
Pharmacol. 14:278-284, 1989.
98. Reaven,
G.M., Chang, H., Hoffman, B.B., and Azhar,
S. Resistance to
insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in adipocytes isolated from spontaneously
hypertensive rats. Diabetes 38:1155-1160, 1989.
99. Mondon,
C.E., Reaven, G.M., Azhar, S., Lee,
C.M., and Rabkin, R. Abnormal
insulin metabolism by specific organs from rats with spontaneous
hypertension. Am. J. Physiol. 257:E491-E498, 1989.
100. McLean,
M.P., Puryear, T.K., Khan, I., Azhar, S.,
Billheimer, J.T., Orly, J., and Gibori, G. Estradiol regulation of sterol carrier protein-2 independent
of cytochrome P450 side chain cleavage expression in the rat corpus
luteum. Endocrinology 125:1337-1344, 1989.
101. Reaven,
E., Spicher, M., and Azhar, S. Microvillar channels: A unique plasma
membrane compartment for concentrating lipoproteins on the surface of rat
adrenal cortical cells. J. Lipid Res. 30:1551-1560, 1989.
102. Azhar, S.,
Stewart, D., and Reaven, E.
Utilization of cholesterol-rich lipoproteins by perfused rat
adrenals. J. Lipid Res. 30:1799-1810, 1989.
103. Rodnick,
K.J., Reaven, G.M., Azhar, S.,
Goodman, M.N., and Mondon, C.E.
Effects of insulin on carbohydrate and protein metabolism in muscle from
exercise trained rats. Amer. J. Physiol. 259:E706-E714, 1990.
104. Rodnick,
K.J., Mondon, C.E., Haskell, W.L., Azhar,
S., and Reaven, G.M.
Differences in insulin-induced glucose uptake and enzyme activity in
running rats. J. Appl. Physiol.
68:513-519, 1990.
105. Reaven,
E., Shi, X.-Y., and Azhar, S. Interaction of lipoproteins with
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106. Azhar, S.,
Popplewell, P.Y., and Reaven, E.
Cholesterol and age-related changes in adrenal steroidogenesis. In Endocrine
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107. Azhar, S.,
Tsai, L., and Reaven, E. Uptake
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108. Azhar, S.,
Butte, J.C., Santos, R.F., Mondon, C.E., and Reaven, G.M. Characterization of insulin receptor
kinase activity and autophosphorylation in different skeletal muscle
types. Am. J. Physiol. 260:E1-E7, 1991.
109. Azhar, S. Ca2+-activated and
phospholipid-dependent hepatic protein kinase (protein kinase C): A standardized
method for the determination of enzyme activity. J. Nutr. Biochem.
2:165-171, 1991.
110. Azhar, S.,
Wang, H., Tsai, L., and Reaven, E.
Okadaic acid interferes with lipoprotein supported corticosterone
production in adrenal cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.
179:726-733, 1991.
111. Sztalryd,
C., Azhar, S., and Reaven, G.M. Differences in insulin action as a
function of original anatomical site of newly differentiated adipocytes
obtained in primary culture. J. Clin. Invest. 88:1629-1635, 1991.
112. Chin,
J.H., Azhar, S., and Hoffman,
B.B. Inactivation of endothelial
derived relaxing factor by oxidized lipoprotein. J. Clin. Invest.
89:10-18, 1992.
113. Shi,
X.-Y., Azhar, S., and Reaven,
E. Reconstitution of the
lipoprotein cholesteryl ester transfer process using isolated rat ovary plasma
membranes. Biochemistry 31:3230-3236, 1992.
114. Mondon,
C.E., Jones, I.R., Azhar, S.,
Hollenbeck, C.B., and Reaven, G.M.
Lactate production and pyruvate dehydrogenase activity in fat and
skeletal muscle from diabetic rats.
Diabetes 41:1547-1554, 1992.
115. Hu,
Z.-W., Azhar, S., and Hoffman,
B.B. Prolonged activation of
alpha, adrenergic receptors results in down-regulation of protein kinase C in
rat aortic smooth muscle. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 20:982-989, 1992.
116. Mondon,
C.E., Rodnick, K.J., Dolkas, C.B., Azhar,
S., and Reaven, G.M.
Alterations in glucose and protein metabolism in animals subjected to
simulated micro-gravity. Adv. Space Res. 12:169-177, 1992.
117. Reed,
M.J., Reaven, G.M., Mondon, C.E., and Azhar,
S. Why does insulin resistance
develop during maturation? J. Gerontol. 48:B139-B144, 1993.
118. Liao,
C., Reaven, E., and Azhar, S. Age-related decline in the
steroiodogenic capacity of isolated rat Leydig cells: a defect in cholesterol mobilization and processing. J.
Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol.
46:39-47, 1993.
119. Reaven,
E., Tsai, L., Maffe, B., and Azhar, S. Effect of okadaic acid on hepatocyte
structure and function. Cell Mol. Biol. Res. 39:275-288,
1993.
120. Latendresse,
J.R., Azhar, S., Brooks, C.L., and
Capen, C.C. Pathogenesis of
cholesteryl lipidosis of adrenal cortical and ovarian interstitial cells in
F344 rats caused by tricresyl phosphate (TCP) and butylated triphenyl phosphate
(BTP). Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 122:281-289,1993.
121. Kern,
M., Mondon, C., Butte, J.C., and Azhar,
S. Glucose transporter (GLUT
4) content and insulin receptor kinase activity in muscles of the LA/N-cp
rat. Horm. Metab. Res. 26:129-132, 1994.
122. Azhar, S.,
Frazier, J.A., Tsai, L., and Reaven, E.
Effect of okadaic acid on utilization of lipoprotein-derived cholesteryl
esters by rat steroidogenic cells.
J. Lipid Res. 35:1161-1176,
1994.
123. Santos,
R.F., Palmieri, M.G., Wajchenberg, B.L., and Azhar, S.
Insulin-receptor tyrosine kinase activity is decreased in erythrocytes
from non-obese patients with NIDDM.
Horm. Metab. Res. 26:283-287, 1994.
124. Reaven,
E., Tsai, L., Spicher, M., Shilo, L., Philip, M., Cooper, A.D., and Azhar, S. Enhanced expression of granulosa cell LDL receptor activity
in response to in vitro culture conditions. J. Cell. Physiol.
161: 449-462, 1994.
125. Azhar, S.,
and Reaven, E. Effect of age on
cholesterol uptake and utilization by rat adrenals: I. Internalization of lipoprotein-derived cholesterol
esters. Mech. Ageing Develop. 77:13-25, 1994.
126. Reaven,
E., Cao, L., and Azhar, S. Effect of age on cholesterol uptake and
utilization by rat adrenals: II.
Lipoproteins from young and old rats.
Mech. Ageing Develop.
77:27-41, 1994.
127. Donnelly,
R., Reed, M., Azhar, S., and Reaven,
G.M. Expression of the major
isoenzyme of protein kinase C in skeletal muscle, nPKCtheta, varies with muscle
type and in response to fructose-induced insulin resistance. Endocrinology
135:2369-2374, 1994.
128. McLean,
M.P., Parmer, T.S., Biener, Y., Billheimer, J.T., Azhar, S., and Gibori, G.
Expression and phosphorylation of luteal sterol carrier protein 2. Endocrine
J. 2: 823-831, 1994.
129. Donnelly,
R., Chang, H., Azhar, S., and
Reaven, G.M. Tissue-dependent activation of protein kinase C in
fructose-induced insulin resistance.
Endocrine 3:129-133, 1995.
130. Shilo,
L., Chin, J.H., Azhar, S., and
Hoffman, B.B. Prolonged infusion
of epinephrine down-regulates expression of the fatty acid synthase gene in
adipocytes. Endocrine 3: 439-444, 1995.
131. Azhar, S.,
Cao, L., and Reaven, E. Alteration
of the adrenal anti-oxidant defense systems during aging in rats. J.
Clin. Invest. 96: 1414-1424, 1995.
132. Reaven,
E., Tsai, L., and Azhar, S. Cholesterol uptake by the 'selective'
pathway of ovarian granulosa cells: early intracellular events. J.
Lipid Res. 36: 1602-1617, 1995.
133. Santos,
R.F., Nomizo, R., Wajchenberg, B.L., Reaven, G.M., and Azhar, S. Changes in
insulin receptor tyrosine kinase activity associated with metformin treatment
of type-2 diabetes. Diabete Metab. 21: 274-280, 1995.
134. Donnelly,
R., Yang, K., Omary, M.B., Azhar, S.,
and Black, J.L. Expression of
multiple isoenzymes of protein kinase C in airway smooth muscle. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 13: 253-256, 1995.
135. Singh-Bist,
A., Maheux, P., Azhar, S., Chen,
Y.-D.I., Komaromy, M.C., and Kraemer, F.B. Generation of antibodies against a human lipoprotein lipase
fusion protein. Life Sci. 57:1709-1715, 1995.
136. Kraemer,
F.B., Natu, V., Singh-Bist, A., Patel, S., Komaromy, M.C., Medicherla, S., Azhar, S., and Sztalryd, C. Isoproterenol decreases LDL receptor
expression in rat adipose cells: activation of cyclic AMP-dependent
proteolysis. J. Lipid Res. 37: 237-249, 1996.
137. Medicherla,
S., Azhar, S., Cooper, A., and
Reaven, E.P. Regulation of
cholesterol responsive genes in ovary cells: impact of cholesterol delivery
systems. Biochemistry 35: 6243-6250, 1996.
138. Komaromy,
M.C., Azhar, S., and Cooper,
A.D. CHO cells expressing a cell
surface anchored form of hepatic lipase: characterization of LDL and
chylomicron remnant uptake and selective uptake of HDL-cholesteryl ester. J.
Biol. Chem. 271:16906-16914, 1996.
139. Reaven,
E., Tsai, L., and Azhar, S. Intracellular events in the ‘selective’
transport of lipoprotein-derived cholesteryl esters. J. Biol. Chem.
271:16208-16217, 1996.
140. Mao,
J., Duan, R.W., Zhong, L., Gibori, G., and Azhar,
S. Expression, purification and characterization of the rat luteal 20 a-hydroxysteroid
dehydrogenase. Endocrinology 138:
182-190, 1997.
141. Santos,
R.F., Nomizo, R., Bosco, A., Wajchenberg, B.L., Reaven, G.M., and Azhar, S. Efeect of metformin on
insulin-stimulated tyrosine kinase activity of erythrocytes from obese women
with normal glucose tolerence. Diabete
Metab. 23:143-148, 1997.
142. Maheux,
P., Azhar, S., Kern, P.A., Chen,
Y-D. I., and Reaven, G.M. Relationship between insulin-mediated glucose
disposal and regulation of plasma and adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase. Diabetologia 40:850-858, 1997.
143. Wang,
P.W., Abbasi, F., Carantoni, M., Chen, Y-D. I., Azhar, S., and Reaven, G. Insulin resistance does not change the
ratio of proinsulin to insulin in normal volunteers. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.
82:3221-3224, 1997.
144. Temel,
R.E., Trigatti, B., DeMattos, R.B., Azhar,
S., Krieger, M., and Williams, D.L. Scavenger receptor-BI (SR-BI) is the
major route for the delivery of HDL-cholesterol to the steroidogenic pathway in
cultured mouse adrenocortical cells.
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA.
94:13600-13605, 1997.
145. Carantoni,
M., Abbasi, F., Azhar, S., Chen,
Y.-D. I., Klebanov, M., Wang, P.-W., Warmerdam, F., and Reaven, G. M. Plasma
leptin concentrations do not appear to decrease insulin-mediated glucose
disposal or glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in women with normal glucose
tolerance. Diabetes 47:244-247, 1998.
146. Carantoni,
M., Abbasi, F., Warmerdam, F., Klebanov, M., Wang, P-W, Chen, Y-D. I., Azhar, S., and Reaven, G.M. Relationship between, insulin resistance and
partially oxidized LDL particles in healthy, nondiabetic volunteers. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vas. Biol.
18:762-767, 1998.
147. Azhar, S.,
Tsai, L., Medicherla, S., Chandrasekher, Y., Giudice, L., and Reaven, E. Human
granulosa cells use HDL-cholesterol for steroidogenesis. J.
Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.
83:983-991, 1998.
148. Reaven,
E., Nomoto, A., Leers-Sucheta, S., Temel, R., Williams, D.L., and Azhar, S. Expression and microvillar
localization of SR-BI (an HDL receptor) in luteinized and hormone-desensitized
rat ovarian models. Endocrinology
139:2847-2856, 1998.
149. Swarnakar,
S., Reyland, M.E., Deng, J., Azhar, S.,
and Williams, D. L. Selective uptake of cholesteryl-ester is enhanced by inducible
apolipoprotein E expression in cultured mouse adrenocortical cells. J.
Biol. Chem. 273:12140-12147, 1998.
150. Azhar, S.,
Nomoto, A., Leers-Sucheta, S., and Reaven, E. Simultaneous induction of an HDL
receptor protein (SR-BI) and selective uptake of HDL-cholesteryl esters in a
physiologically relevant steroidogenic cell model. J. Lipid Res. 39:1616-1628, 1998
151. Carantoni,
M., Abbasi, F., Azhar, S., Schaaf,
P., and Reaven, G.M. Can changes in plasma insulin concentration explain the
variability in leptin response to weight loss in obese women with normal
glucose tolerance? J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 84:869-872,
1999.
152. Connelly,
M.A., Klein, S.M., Azhar, S.,
Abumrad, N.A., and Williams, D.L. Comparison of class B scavenger receptors,
CD36 and SR-BI, shows that both receptors mediate HDL-cholesteryl ester
selective uptake but SR-BI exhibits a unique enhancement of cholesteryl ester
uptake. J. Biol. Chem. 274:41-47,
1999.
153. Reaven,
E., Luo, Y., Nomoto, A., Temel, R., Williams, D.L., van der Westhuyzen, D.R.,
and Azhar, S. The selective pathway
and an HDL receptor (SR-BI) in ovarian granulosa cells of the mouse. Biochim.
Biophys. Acta 1436:565-576, 1999.
154. Leers-Sucheta,
S., Stocco, D.M., and Azhar, S.
Down-regulation of steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein in rat Leydig
cells: Implications for regulation of testosterone production during aging. Mech. Ageing Dev. 107: 197-203, 1999.
155. Gowri,
M.S., Reaven, G.M., and Azhar, S.
Effect of Masoprocol on glucose transport and lipolysis by isolated rat adipocytes. Metabolism
48:411-414, 1999.
156. Gowri,
M.S., Reaven, G.M., and Azhar, S.
Masoprocol lowers blood pressure in rats with fructose-induced
hypertension. Am. J. Hypertens. 12:744-746, 1999.
157. Azhar, S.,
Luo, Y., Medicherla, S., and Reaven, E. Up-regulation of selective cholesteryl
ester uptake pathway in mice with deletion of low-density lipoprotein receptor
function. J. Cell Physiol. 180:190-202, 1999.
158. Swarnakar,
S., Temel, R.E., Connelly, M.A., Azhar,
S., and Williams, DL. Scavenger receptor class B, type I, mediates
selective uptake of low density lipoprotein cholesteryl ester. J.
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1999.
159. Reaven,
E., Zhan, L., Nomoto, A., Leers-Sucheta, S., and Azhar, S. Expression of microvillar localization of scavenger
receptor class B, type I (SR-BI) and selective cholesteryl ester uptake in
Leydig cells from rat testis. J. Lipid Res. 41:343-356, 2000.
160. Williams,,
D.L., de La Llera-Moya, M., Thuahnai, S.T., Lund-Katz, S., Connelly, M.A., Azhar, S., Anantharamaiah, G.M., and
Phillips, M.C. Binding and cross-linking studies show that scavenger recptor BI
interacts with multiple sites in apolipoprotein A-I and identify the class A
amphipathic alpha-helix as a recognition motif. J. Biol. Chem. 275:18897-18904, 2000.
161. Gowri,
M.S., Azhar, R.K., Kraemer, F.B., Reaven, G.M., and Azhar, S. Masoprocol decreases rat lipolytic activity by decreasing
the phosphorylation of HSL. Am. J. Physiol. 279: E593-E600, 2000.
162. Chen,
N.G., Azhar, S., Abbasi, M.,
Carantoni, M., and Reaven, G.M.
The relationship between plasma glucose and insulin responses to oral
glucose, LDL oxidation, and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in
healthy volunteers. Atherosclerosis 152: 203-208, 2000.
163. Santos,
R.F., Oliveira, E., Ursich, M., Wajchenberg, B., Reaven, G.M., and Azhar, S. Erythrocyte insulin receptor
tyrosine kinase activity is increased in glyburide-treated patients with type 2
diabetes in good glycaemic control.
Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
2:237-241, 2000.
164. Scribner,
K.A., Gadbois, T.M., Gowri, M., Azhar,
S., and Reaven, G.M. Masoprocol decreases serum triglyceride concentrations
in rats with fructose-induced hypertriglyceridemia. Metabolism 49:1106-1110, 2000.
165. Reaven,
E., Leers-Sucheta, S., Nomoto, A., and Azhar,
S. Expression of HDL receptor (SR-BI) promotes microvillar channel
formation and selective cholesteryl ester transport in a heterologous
reconstituted system. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 98:1613-1618,
2001.
166. Medicherla,
R., Leers-Sucheta, S., Luo, Y., and Azhar,
S. Impaired activation of AP-1 and altered expression of constituent
proteins in rat adrenal during aging.
Mech. Aging & Dev. 122:1169-1186, 2001.
167. Swarnakar,
S., Beers, J., Strickland, D.K., Azhar,
S., and Williams, D.L. The apolipoprotein E-dependent low-density
lipoprotein cholesteryl ester selective uptake pathway in murine adrenocortical
cells involves chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans and an a2-macroglobulin
receptor. J. Biol. Chem.
276:21121-21128, 2001.
168. Cherradi,
N., Bideau, M., Arnaudeau, S., James, R.W., Dayer, J-M., Azhar, S., and Capponi, A.M. Angiotensin II promotes selective
uptake of HDL-cholesterol esters in bovine adrenal glomerulosa and human
adrenocortical carcinoma cells through induction of the HDL receptor SR-BI. Endocrinology 142:4540-4549, 2001.
169. Kraemer,
F.B., Shen, W-J., Natu, V., Patel, S., Osuga, J., Ishibashi, S., and Azhar, S. Adrenal neutral cholesteryl
ester hydrolase: identification, sub-cellular distribution and sex differences.
Endocrinology 143:801-806, 2002.
170. Ku,
N.O., Azhar, S., and Omary, M.B.
Keratin 8 phosphorylation by p38 kinase regulates cellular keratin filament
reorganization: modulation by keratin 1-like disease causing mutation. J. Biol. Chem. 277:10775-10782, 2002.
171. Azhar, S.,
Nomoto, A., and Reaven, E. Hormonal regulation of adrenal microvillar channel
formation. J. Lipid Res. 43: 861-871,
2002.
172. Medicherla,
R., Leers-Sucheta, S., Luo, Y., and Azhar,
S. Age-dependent modulation of NF-kB expression in rat adrenal gland. Mech. Aging & Dev. 123:1211-1221,
2002
173. Rao,
R. M., Jo, Y., Leers-Sucheta, S., Bose, H. S., Miller, W.L., and Azhar, S., and Stocco, D.M.
Differential regulation of steroid hormone biosynthesis in R2C and
MA-10 Leydig tumor cells: Role of SR-BI-mediated selective cholesterol ester
transport. Biol. Reprod. 68:114-121,
2003
174. Azhar, S.,
and Reaven, E. Scavenger receptor class BI and selective cholesteryl ester
uptake: partners in the regulation of steroidogenesis. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 195:1-26, 2002
175. Wu, Q., Sucheta, S., Azhar, S.,
and Menon, K.M.J. Lipoprotein enhancement of ovarian theca-interstitial cell
steroidogenesis: Relative contribution of scavenger receptor class B, type I,
(SR-BI) and ATP binding cassette transporter (ABC1) in HDL-cholesterol
transport and androgen synthesis. Endocrinology 144:2437-2445, 2003.
176. Roehrich,
M-E., Mooser, V., Lenain, V., Herz, J., Nimpf, J., Azhar, S., Bideau,
M., Capponi, A., Nicod, P., Haeflighter, J-A., and Waeber, G. Insulin-secreting
β-cells dysfunction induced by human lipoproteins. J. Biol. Chem. 278:18368-18375, 2003.
177. Azhar,
S., Leers-Sucheta, S., and Reaven, E. Cholesterol uptake in
adrenal and gonadal tissues: The SR-BI and ‘selective’ pathway connection. Front.
Biosci. 8:998-1029, 2003.
178. Shen,
W-J., Patel, S., Natu, V., Hong, R., Azhar,
S., and Kraemer, F.B. Intercation of hormone-sensitive lipase with
steroidogenic acute regulatory protein: Facilitation of cholesterol transfer in
adrenal. J. Biol. Chem.
278:43870-43876, 2003.
179. Reaven,
E., Cortez, Y., Leers-Sucheta, S., Nomoto, A., and Azhar, S. Dimerization of the scavenger receptor class B, type I
(SR-BI): Formation, function and localization in diverse cells and tissues. J. Lipid Res. 45:513-528, 2004.
180. Kraemer,
F.B., Shen, W-J., Harada, K., Patel, S., Osuga, J., Ishibashi, S., and Azhar, S. Hormone-sensitive lipase is
required for high-density lipoprotein cholesteryl ester-supported adrenal
steroidogenesis. Mol. Endocrinol. 18:549-556,
2004.
181. Kelley, G.L., Allan, G., and Azhar, S. High dietary fructose induces
a hepatic stress sponse resulting in cholesterol and lipid dysregulation. Endocrinology 145:548-555, 2004.
182. Cao,
L., Leers-Sucheta, S., and Azhar, S.
Aging alters the functional expression of enzymatic and non-enzymatic anti-oxidant
defense systems in testicular rat Leydig cells. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol.
Biol. 88:61-67, 2004.
183. Abidi,
P., Leers-Sucheta S., and Azhar, S.
Suppression of steroidogenesis and activator protein-1 transcription factor
activity by vitamin E-deficiency-induced chronic oxidative stress. J. Nutr.Biochem. 15:210-219, 2004.