Steven M. Schrader

STEVEN M. SCHRADER, Ph.D.

MAILING ADDRESS:

Chief, Reproductive Health Section, C-23

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

4676 Columbia Parkway

Cincinnati, Ohio 45226

TELEPHONE NO.: Office (513) 533-8210

FAX (513) 533-8138

COUNTRY OF CITIZENSHIP: United States

HIGHEST FEDERAL CIVILIAN GRADE HELD: GS-15

EDUCATION:

Postdoctoral Training 1979-1981

Institute for Molecular and Cellular Evolution

University of Miami

Coral Gables, Florida

NIH Postdoctoral Training Program in Reproductive Biology

Ph.D. Reproductive Physiology, 1978.

Department of Dairy Husbandry

University of Missouri

Columbia, Missouri

M.S. Animal Breeding, Genetics, 1975

Department of Animal Science

University of Missouri,

Columbia, Missouri

B.S. Animal Science, 1974

University of Missouri

Columbia, Missouri

Zoology Major, 1969-1971

Northern Illinois University

DeKalb, Illinois

High School Diploma, 1969

Belvidere High School

Belvidere, Illinois 61008

PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE:

August 1989-Present:

Federal Job Title: Supervisory Research Biologist

Federal Job Grade: GS-15

Chief

Reproductive Health Assessment Section

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

Supervisory responsibilities include chairing the Division’s Reproductive Hazards Focus Area and the general operation of a Reproductive Hazards Research section. The mission of the section is to assess the effects of occupational hazards on the fecundity of workers.

Primary personal research is the development, evaluation, and implementation of methodologies for assessing the reproductive health of working men. This includes basic laboratory research as well occupational field studies.

Employer Address:

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

4676 Columbia Parkway

Cincinnati, Ohio 45226

Supervisor: Dr. Gayle Debord, 513 533 8212

January 1983 - August 1989

Federal Job Title: Research Biologist

Federal Job Grade: GS-11 (1983) to GS-13 (1989)

Andrologist

Acute and Subchronic Toxicology Section

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

The research initiated in this position has been extended into the current position described above.

Employer Address:

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

4676 Columbia Parkway

Cincinnati, Ohio 45226

Supervisor: Dennis Lynch (513) 533-8213 (may be contacted)

January 1981 - January 1983:

Title: Assistant Professor

Administrative responsibilities involved the supervision of the electron microscope facilities and the advising of graduate students. Teaching duties included both graduate and undergraduate courses in biology, reproductive physiology, and electron microscopy. Research emphasis was on Sperm Physiology. This included the evaluation of the new viability assay, the hypoosmotic stress test (HOS test), which evaluates the functional integrity of the human sperm membrane.

Employer Address:

Department of Biology

Roosevelt University

Chicago, Illinois

Supervisor: Jonathan Greene (Phone unknown)

June 1979 - January 1981:

Title: Postdoctoral Research Fellow

Research project was the production and analysis of antisperm antibodies and their effect on sperm and fertility. This included the development an immunoferritin labeling procedure to identify and elucidate the events surrounding fertilization

Employer Address:

Institute for Molecular and Cellular Evolution

University of Miami

Coral Gables, Florida

Supervisor: Dr. Charles Metz (Phone unknown)

August 1978 - June 1979

Title: Science Instructor

Employer Address:

Higbee High School

Higbee, Missouri

Supervisor: Larry Twellman (Phone unknown)

August 1975 - August 1978:

Title: Ph.D. Graduate Student (Research Assistant)

University of Missouri, Columbia

Advisors: Dr. C.P. Merilan (deceased)

Doctoral Research effort was to identify the site and determine the effects of chemical messengers that govern spermatozoan motility. Other research involved a unique study on the development of methods for semen collection of wildlife (including some endangered species).

Title: Masters Graduate Student (Research Assistant)

University of Missouri, Columbia

Advisor: Dr. John Lasley (deceased)

The Master of Science Research focused on the development and comparison of methods for measuring the rate of proliferation of blood lymphocytes. For this, various types of colorimetric and radio-isotope assays were employed.

HONORS:

Dean's Honor Roll, 1973 and 1974, University of Missouri

Honorable Mention, Alice Hamilton Science Award for Occupational Safety and Health, 1989

Awarded the Alice Hamilton Science Award for Occupational Safety and Health, 1990, 1991, 1999

Nominated for the Charles C. Shepard Science Award, 1991

Outstanding Work Performance Award, 1989, 1991, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001,2002

Nominated for the Supervisor-of-the-Year 1995

NATIONAL COMMITTEES AND ACTIVITIES:

Served on the National Toxicology Program (NTP), Reproductive and Developmental Biology Subcommittee, 1983 - 1992

Served as a consultant to Centers for Disease Control, Vietnam Experience Study, 1985 - 1988

Served as a NIOSH Grants Office Advisor. 1986 - Present

Invited member to the Workshop on Risk Assessment in Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology, National Center for Toxicologic Research. September 1987

Served as a National Academy of Sciences, National Research Council Research Advisor. 1987 - present

Served on the Review Panel for the Office of Technology Assessment, United States Congress, Report on Infertility Prevention and Treatment. 1987

Served as a March of Dimes Grants Reviewer. 1987 - 1992

Invited member on the Task Force on Environmental Cancer and Heart and Lung Disease, Workshop on the Effects of Pesticides on Human Health, Working Group on Reproductive Toxicology, 1988

Chairman of the Symposium on Assessing Reproductive Hazards in the Workplace, June 16 and 17, 1988

Served on the Editorial Board, Reproductive Sciences, 1989 - 1992

Served on the Hill Air Force Base, Reproductive Hazard Study Advisory Board. 1989 - 1995t

Invited member to U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Superfund Sperm Motility Workgroup, September 6 and 7, 1989.

Invited member to EPA/NIOSH Workshop on Methods for Semen Studies in Humans. October 18 - 20, 1989.

Invited Speaker to Reproductive Issues in Aging Male, National Institute for Child Health and Human Development, November 1990.

Served on the Organizational Committee, and was an invited member to NTP Rat Sperm Motility Workshop, 1990

Chair, Organizational Committee and the NTP Human Semen Workshop, 1990

Served on the Committee on Environmental Epidemiology. National Academy of Sciences, National Research Council. 1991-1992

Invited member to Research Needs Working Group for Occupational and Environmental Reproductive Hazards: A Working Conference. November 1991. Woods Hole, MA

Invited speaker to the Federally Employed Women: 23rd National Training Program, Cincinnati, Ohio. July 23, 1992

Invited speaker to Environment, Safety, and Occupational Health Conference, School of Aerospace Medicine, Brooks Air Force Base, Texas. September 21-25, 1992

Served as member of Laboratory Science Committee of the American Society of Andrology. 1993 to 1996

Invited panel member for American Society of Andrology, Sperm Morphology and Morphometry Workshop. April 1993.

Co-chair for Workgroup of Field Study Applications of Biologic Markers for Male Reproductive Disorders, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, May 1993.

Grant Reviewer, National Cancer Institute, NIH. Interdisciplinary Collaborative Studies in the Genetic Epidemiology of Cancer, 1993.

Invited Expert to the Science Advisory Panel of the US EPA FIFRA Reproductive Testing Guidelines. Washington, D.C., December 1993.

Course Instructor for "Statistical Processing Control" at the Post-Graduate Course of American Society of Andrology. March 1994.

Technical Advisor to the “Persian Gulf Expert Scientific Charter Committee”, Department of Veterans Affairs. Washington, DC. February 1995

Course Director for "Managing the Andrology Laboratory" at the Laboratory quality Workshop of the American Society of Andrology. March 1995.

Course Instructor for "Creating Policies that Encourage Participation" at the Laboratory quality Workshop of American Society of Andrology. March 1995.

Course Instructor for "Review of General QC/QA Procedures" at the Reproductive Cryotechnology Specialist Review Course of the American Association of Tissue Banks. March 1995.

Elected member of the Executive Council of the American Society of Andrology 1995-1998.

Course Instructor for “Laboratory Management” at 28th Annual Postgraduate Program of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine, October 1995

Workshop Instructor for “Statistical Methods and Experimental Design in the Reproductive Biology Laboratory” at 51st Annual meeting of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine, October 1995

Invited Speaker to the American College of Epidemiology, St. Louis. September, 1995.

Invited Expert to the Risk Science Institute/EPA Working Group in assessing sperm in toxicology studies. September 1995

Course Director, “Semen Analysis--Challenges of Quality Control and New Technology” Andrology Laboratory Committee Workshop, American Society of Andrology. January 1996

Ad Hoc Member of Scientific Advisory Committee for EPA, FIFRA - Reproductive Guidelines. November 1996, Washington D.C.

Alternate Member of the Endocrine Disruptors Screening and Testing Advisory Committee, EDSTAC US EPA 1996.

Invited participant to “Workshop on the Evaluation and Interpretation of Reproductive Endpoints for Human Health Risk Assessment”. Washington, D.C. November 12-14, 1997

Co-Chair of “Effects of Toxicant Exposure on Sperm and Oocyte Quality” Postgraduate Program of the American Society of Reproductive Medicine, October 18, 1997.

Organizing Committee “Gender Differences in Reproductive Biology and Toxicology” Tucson, Arizona November 9-11, 2000

National Children’s Study. Fertility and Early Pregnancy Working Group. 2001 - present

Invited Speaker, Student Colloquium. American Society of Andrology. Seattle, Washington April 2002

Invited Faculty, Post Graduate Course, “Male Reproductive Genetics and Toxicology – Nature and Nurture. October 12-13, 2002. American Society of Reproductive Medicine.

Invited Speaker, “Symposium on Environmental Influences on Human Semen Quality” American Society of Andrology. Phoenix, AZ. April 1, 2003.

Chair, Andrology Laboratory Workshop. 2004 Annual Meeting of the American Society of Andrology, Baltimore, MD. April 17, 2004.

Organizing Committee, American Society of Andrology, Annual Meetings 1986, 2003, 2004, 2005.

Secretary, American Society of Andrology 2004-2007

INTERNATIONAL ACTIVITIES:

Participant in the NIOSH-Finnish Institute for Occupational Health Symposium(s). October 1986, June 1992.

Invited Speaker to the VI International Congress on Spermatology, Siena, Italy. September 1990.

Instructor for the Nordic Institute for Advanced Training in Occupational Health, course title: "The Effect of Chemical, Physical and Biological Workplace Factors on Male and Female Fertility. Copenhagen, Denmark. May 27-31, 1991.

Invited Speaker to the Reproductive Epidemiology Workshop at the Ninth International Symposium, "Epidemiology in Occupational Health", Cincinnati, Ohio. September 1992.

Invited Participant to the International Conference on Male-Mediated Developmental Toxicity: Father's Exposures and Their Children’s Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, September 1992.

Invited Speaker to the conference "Medical, Social, and Legal Aspects of Health Protection of Motherhood and Childhood. Ekaterinburng, Russia, October 1992.

Scientific Advisor to the INDO-US Subcommission on Science and Technology, the National Institute for Occupational Health, Government of India and the US EPA in the research program "The Effects of Lead Exposure on Parameters of Male and Female Reproduction and Parameters of Adolescent Development”. 1993 to Present.

Invited Speaker to the International Symposium on Health Hazards of Glycol Ethers. Nancy-Port-A-Mousson, France. April 19-21, 1994.

Invited Faculty to the British Andrology Society workshop on Quality Control and Morphology in the Andrology Laboratory, November 17,1994. Bristol England.

Expert Advisor Panel, Health Canada study of the Farm Family - Health effects of pesticides. Ottawa, Canada 1995-Present.

Panel on “Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals: Can We Wait to Take Action” for the United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development. New York, NY April 30, 1996.

Invited Speaker. Reproductive Health and the Environment Symposium. McMaster University and Ontario Ministry of Health. Toronto, Ontario, May 13, 1996

Invited participant to INSERM “Environmental Impact on Male Reproductive Function”, November 10-14, France 1996

Invited speaker to the European Concerted Action Occupational Hazards to Male Reproductive Capability Symposium entitled “Environment, Lifestyle and Fertility” Arhus, Denmark, December 7-10, 1997

Invited speaker to “Environmental Influences on Spermatogenesis and Sperm Quality Symposium”, Genk, Belgium. April 1998.

Organizing Committee “Hazardous Substances and Male Reproductive Health - An International Conference” New York, May 14-15, 1998

Invited Speaker to a symposium on "Molecular aspects of male reproductive toxicology" in Giessen

Germany, November 13-14, 1999

Invited speaker to the “International Workshop on Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals and Their Toxicological Evaluation. in Tsukuba, Japan. February 28 to March 3, 2001.

Invited speaker to the Sixth International Nickel Conference on Ecologic, Toxicologic and Human Health Issues Associated with the Mining, Refining and Production of Nickel and Companion Elements. September 1-6, 2002, Murmansk, Russia

International Expert Panel on Reproductive Health Issues Associated with Exposure to the Port Colborne Chemicals of Concern (i.e. Cobalt, Nickel, Copper and Arsenic) 2002-2003

Invited Speaker to International Congress “Prevention of Reproductive Health from Occupational & Environmental Risk Factors” (PROERF) Volgograd, Russia, July 2004

TEACHING:

University of Cincinnati

Lecture in the following courses:

Survey of Environmental Toxicology

Fundamentals of Environmental Toxicology Course

Occupational Medicine Training Course

Basics of Occupational Medicine II

ABSTRACTS AND PRESENTATIONS

1. Schrader, S.M. and C.P. Merilan, 1977. X-ray Microanalysis of Bovine Spermatozoa. J. Dairy Sci. 60:86.

2. Schrader, S.M. and C.P. Merilan, 1979. Ultrastructure of Springbuck Antiodorcas marsuialis Spermatozoa. Proceedings of 145th national Meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, Houston, Texas.

3. Schrader, S.M. and C.P. Merilan, 1979. Calcium Localization in Bovine Spermatozoa. J. Dairy Sci. 62:174.

4. Gharib, E. and S.M. Schrader, 1982. An Immunoferritin Study of Antisperm Antibodies on the Sperm Surface During Events Proceeding Fertilization. Proceedings of the seventh International Conference of Defined Immunofluorescence, Immunoenzyme studies and related labeling techniques.

5. Schrader, S.M., R.S. Jeyendran, M., Perez-Pelaez, and L.J.D. Zaneveld, 1983. Evaluation of the Physical and Functional Integrity of the Human Sperm Membrane. J. of Andrology 4:48.

6. Bruns, E.S., S.M. Schrader and L.A. Eng 1984. A Sperm Agglutinin in Rabbit Saliva. J of Andrology, 5:P25.

7. Schrader, S.M., T.W. Turner, B.D. Hardin, R.W. Niemeier, J.R. Burg. 1984. Morphometric Analysis of Human Spermatozoa. J of Andrology 5:P22.

8. Oluka, I.S., S.M. Schrader, M. Perez-Pelaez, A.J. Sobrero and R.S. Jeyendran. 1984. Filtration with Silica Wool to Improve Human Semen Quality. J Andrology, 5:P21.

9. Ratcliffe, J.M., S. Schrader, T. Meinhart and K. Steenland. 1984. Semen analysis as an indicator of occupational hazards to reproduction, with particular reference to ethylene dibromide. Presented at the 112 annual meeting of the Am. Public Health Assoc. Nov 13, 1984

10. Schrader, S.M., T.W. Turner, D.E. Clapp and J.M. Ratcliffe. 1985. Sperm velocity as a measure of toxic effects of acute EDB exposure. J Andrology 6:38P.

11. Schrader, S.M., R.S. Jeyendran, K.J. Loseth and B.G. Crabo. 1985. Morphometric parameters of boar sperm heads are not correlated to fertility. J. Animal Sci. 61:411 (supplement 1).

12. Schrader, S.M., R.S. Jeyendran, J.R. Burg, H.H. Van der Ven, M. Perez-Pelaez, and L.J.D. Zaneveld, 1985. Association of sperm morphology with in vitro fertilizing capacity of human spermatozoa as assessed by different classification systems. Presented at the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologist District VI annual meeting September 27, 1985 Milwaukee WI.

13. Turner, T.W. and S.M. Schrader. 1986. Relationship of sperm velocity to semen viscosity. J. of Andrology 7:26p

14. Schrader, S.M., R.E. Chapin, T.W. Turner, J.M. Ratcliffe, J.R. Burg, M.D. Ross and J.C. Lamb IV. 1986. The effect of ethylene dibromide on sperm characteristics. J of Andrology 7:27p

15. Ratcliffe, J.M., S.M. Schrader, T.W. Turner, R.W. Hornung. 1986. The use of new field methods of semen analysis in the study of occupational hazards to reproduction: The example of ethylene dibromide. Presented at the Third Joint U.S. - Finnish Science Symposium. October 24, 1986.

16. DeStefano, F., J.L. Annest, M.J. Kresnow, M.L. Flock and S.M. Schrader. 1987. Automated semen analysis in large epidemiologic studies. J Andrology 8:24P

17. Turner T., S. Schrader, R.S. Jeyendran, M. Perez-Pelaez, R.F. Karuhn, and H.H. Van der Ven. 1987. A comparison of morphometry and volume of human spermatozoa. J Andrology 8:36P.

18. Peterson, G.E., S.M. Schrader and T.W. Turner. 1987. The effectiveness of an insulated jar in protecting semen quality from temperature extremes. J Andrology 8:36P

19. Schrader, S.M., T.W. Turner, J.R. Burg and J.M. Ratcliffe. 1987. Semen Characteristics of "unexposed workers" - A comparison of five worker populations. J Andrology 8:34P

20. Schrader, S.M.. 1987. Reproductive toxicology of male workers. Presented at Reproductive Endocrine Conference, Bethesda Fertility Center, Cincinnati, Ohio. August 26, 1987.

21 Schrader, S.M.. 1987. Semen quality of male workers exposed to glycol ethers. Keynote Address at the Annual Meeting of the Genetic and Environmental Toxicology Association of Northern California, Oakland California, December 3, 1987.

22. T.W. Turner, S.M. Schrader, and SD Simon. 1988. Sperm Head morphometry as measured by three different computer systems. J Andrology 9:45, 1988.

23. Schrader, S.M.. 1988. Reproductive Toxicology of the Male Worker. Presented at Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania on July 25, 1988

24. Schrader, S.M., T.W. Turner, M.J. Breitenstein, S.D. Simon. 1988. Longitudinal Study of Semen Quality of Unexposed Workers. I. Study Overview. Presented at the Symposium on Assessing Reproductive Hazards in the Workplace in Cincinnati, Ohio on June 17, 1988

25. Schrader, S.M., T.W. Turner, and J.M. Ratcliffe. 1988. The Effects of Ethylene Dibromide on Semen Quality: A Comparison of Short Term and Chronic Exposure. Presented at the Symposium on Assessing Reproductive Hazards in the Workplace in Cincinnati, Ohio on June 17, 1988

26. Turner, T.W., J.L. Franchi, S.M. Schrader, S.D. Simon, and D.W. Lynch. 1989. A Comparison of Monkey Semen Motility Parameters Using Two Collection Methods. J Andrology 10:31P.

27. Fogle T., B. Bean, S. Schrader, T. Turner, and L. Zotter. 1989. Observations on Hamster Ovum Penetration and Chromosome conversion of Cold-Stored Sperm of the Cynomolgus Monkey, Macaca fascicularis. J Andrology 10:29P.

30. Destefano, F., J.L. Annest, M-J. Kresnow, S.M. Schrader, and D.F. Katz. 1989. Semen Characteristics of Vietnam Veterans. J Andrology 10:25P.

31. Schrader, S.M. 1989. Longitudinal Studies of Semen Quality of Unexposed Workers: An Update. Presented at the Institute for Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio. April 26, 1989.

32. Simon, S.D., S.M. Schrader, and Terry W. Turner. 1989. The Use of Tolerance Intervals for Assessing Male Reproductive Potential. Presented to the American Statistical Association, August 7, 1989

33. Williams, J., B.C. Gladen, R.E. Chapin, and S.M. Schrader, Ethylene dibromide (EDB): Comparison of rabbit and human seminal characteristic. Presented to the Society of Toxicology for presentation at the annual meeting, February 1990, Miami Beach, FL.

34. Wright, D.M., J.S. Kesner, S.M. Schrader, N.W. Chin, V. Wells. 1990. Methods to detect Ovulation in Females. Presented at workshop: Designing and Conducting Studies of Early Fetal Loss. NIEHS, Research Triangle Park , NC.

35. Turner, T., S. Schrader, W. Moorman, J Clark, S. Simon. 1990. A Study of Sperm Motion Analysis after Exposing Rats to Ethylene Oxide. Journal of Andrology 11:50-P.

36. Schrader, S.M., T.W. Turner, and S.D. Simon. 1990. Sources of Variation of Sperm Motility Measurements. Journal of Andrology 11:38-P.

37. Evenson, D., L. Jost, R. Baer, T. Turner, S. Schrader. 1990. Longitudinal Study of Sperm Chromatin. Journal of Andrology 11:35P.

38. Schrader, S.M., M. Breitenstein, T.W. Turner, and S.D. Simon. 1990. Longitudinal Study of Semen Quality of Unexposed Workers: Seminal Plasma Characteristics. Presented at the VI International Congress on Spermatology, Siena, Italy, September 1990.

39. Schrader, S.M., T.W. Turner, and S.D. Simon. 1991. Sources of Variation of the Sperm Penetration Assay under Filed Study conditions. Journal of Andrology 12:Supplement P48.

40. T.W. Turner, S.M. Schrader, and SD Simon. 1991. Sperm Head Morphometry: Fitting Populations into Tolerance Intervals. Journal of Andrology 12:Supplement P48.

41. Schrader, S.M. 1991. What is Fertility and How can it be Measured Directly and Indirectly. NIVA Course "The Effect of Chemical, Physical, and Biological Workplace Factors on Male and Female Fertility. Copenhagen, Denmark. May 26-31, 1991.

42. Schrader, S.M. 1991. Animal Studies in Male Reproduction. NIVA Course "The Effect of Chemical, Physical, and Biological Workplace Factors on Male and Female Fertility. Copenhagen, Denmark. May 26-31, 1991.

43.Schrader, S.M. 1991. Field Studies in Male Reproduction. NIVA Course "The Effect of Chemical, Physical, and Biological Workplace Factors on Male and Female Fertility. Copenhagen, Denmark. May 26-31, 1991.

44. Schrader, S.M. 1991. American Criteria for Reproductive Toxicants. NIVA Course "The Effect of Chemical, Physical, and Biological Workplace Factors on Male and Female Fertility. Copenhagen, Denmark. May 26-31, 1991.

45. Weyandt, T.B., S.M. Schrader, T.W. Turner, and S.D. Simon. 1992. Semen Analysis of Military Personnel Associated with Military Duty Assignments. Journal of Andrology 13:29P.

46. T.W. Turner, S.M. Schrader, P. Shaw, R.E. Chapin and J. Williams. 1992. Sources of Variation of Rabbit Sperm Head Morphometry. Journal of Andrology 13:31P

47. Schrader, S.M., T.W. Turner, M.J. Breitenstein, and S.D. Simon. 1992. the Measurement of Male Reproductive Hormones in Occupational Field Studies. Journal of Andrology 13:51P

48. van der Ven, H.H., K. van der Ven, S.M. Schrader, W. Heeschen, R.S. Jeyendran. 1992. Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Concentration in "Normal" Ejaculates Obtained from Men Living in Different Geographic Locations. American Fertility Society Annual Meeting.

49. Schrader, S.M. 1992. Evaluating Effects of Occupational Reproductive Hazards that Affect the Father. Federally Employed Women: 23rd National Training Program, Cincinnati, Ohio. July 23, 1992.

50. Schrader, S.M. 1992. Emerging Male Biological Markers of Reproductive Function. Presented at the International Conference on Occupational Health workshop "Reproductive and Developmental Epidemiology: Emerging Biologic and Analytical Approaches" Cincinnati, Ohio, September 22, 1992.

51. Schrader, S.M. 1992. Reproductive Toxicology of Male Workers. Presented at "Environment, Safety and Occupational Health Compliance Conference" Brooks Air Force Base, TX. September 25, 1992.

52. Schrader, S.M. 1992. Reproductive Toxicology of Male Workers. Presented at "Environmental Health Seminars" University of Cincinnati, Kettering Laboratory. Cincinnati, Ohio. September 30, 1992.

53. S.M. Schrader. 1992. НАРУШЕНИЕ РЕПРОДУКТИВНОЙ ФУНКЦИИ У МУЖЧИН, ПОДВЕРГАЮЩИХСЯ ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЮ ТОКСИКАНТОВ НА РАБОЧЕМ МЕСТЕ. [Reproductive Toxicity in Men Exposed to Workplace Toxicants.] Медико-Социальньіе И Правовьіе Аспектьі Охраньі Материнства И Детства. Page 108.

54. Moorman, W.J., P.B. Shaw, and S.M. Schrader. 1993. Regression Analysis of Sperm Count vs Blood Lead. J of Andrology 12:P33.

55. S.M. Schrader, T. W. Turner, M. Ayers-Cumbow, S.D. Simon. 1993. Semen Quality Across Populations. J of Andrology 12:P57.

56. T.W. Turner, S.M. Schrader, Z. Binienda, and W. Slikker. 1993. Semen quality of rhesus monkeys exposed to 2'3'-dideoxycytidine (ddC). J of Andrology 12:P34.

57. S.M. Schrader. 1993. Reproductive Toxicity in Men Exposed to Workplace Toxicants. Proceedings of the Russian Scientific & Practical Conference "Medical, social, and legal aspects of maternity and infancy protection" Reproductive Toxicology 7:525.

58. Weyandt, T.B., S.M. Schrader, T.W. Turner, and S.D. Simon. 1994. The Effects of Lead Exposure During Military Artillery Training on Male Reproductive Function. Journal of Andrology 14:P54.

59. Breitenstein, M.J., J.C. Clark, S.M. Schrader, and S.D. Simon. 1994. The Use of a Half-Mirror for the Measurement of α_t in the Sperm Chromatin Structure Assay. Journal of Andrology 14:P45.

60. Turner, T.W., S.M. Schrader, and S. Simon. 1994. Comparison of Motion Analysis Parameters using Diluted and Whole Semen. Journal of Andrology 14:P45.

61. Moorman, W.J., J.C. Clark, T.W. Turner, J.R. Pretty, D.D. Sharpnack, P.B. Shaw, and S.M. Schrader. 1994. Dose Related Effects of Lead on Semen Quality in the Rabbit Model (Pilot Study). Journal of Andrology 14:45.

62. Schrader, S.M., S.D. Simon, T.W. Turner, and T.B. Weyandt. 1994 The Stability of Human Semen Quality Across Time. Journal of Andrology 14:P46.

63. Schrader, S.M., T.W. Turner, J.M. Ratcliffe, L.S. Welch, and S.D. Simon Combining Reproductive Studies of Men Exposed to 2-Ethoxyethanol to Increase Statistical Power. Abstract and Presentation at the International Symposium on Health Hazards of Glycol Ethers. April 19-21, 1994. Nancy-Port-A-Mousson, France.

64. Moorman, W.J., P.B. Shaw, D.D. Sharpnack, J.C. Clark, S.R. Skaggs, T.W. Turner, R.E. Chapin, and S.M. Schrader. 1995. The Interspecies Extrapolation Factor for Sperm Count in Rabbits and Man Exposed to Lead. Journal of Andrology 15:P-42.

65. Zimmerman, T.D. S.M. Schrader, T.W. Turner, D.D. Sharpnack, R.E. Chapin, and W.J. Moorman. 1995. Effects of Lead on Sperm Morphology in Dutch Belted Rabbits. Journal of Andrology 15:P-41.

66. Skaggs, S.R., J.C. Clark, W.J. Moorman, S.M. Schrader, R.E. Chapin, and , S.D. Simon. 1995. Correlation of Semen Lead and Blood in Dutch Belted Rabbits. Journal of Andrology 15:P-41.

67. Schrader, S.M., J.S. Kesner, T.W. Turner, E.A. Knecht, T.B. Weyandt, and E.F. Kreig. 1995. The Correlations Between Serum and Urinary Reproductive Hormones in Men. Journal of Andrology 15:P-45.

68. Nelson, B.K., W.J. Moorman, R.E. Chapin, and S.M. Schrader. Review of experimental male-mediated behavioral and neurochemical disorders & preliminary report of feasibility study using rabbits to detect lead-induced deficits. 19th Annual Meeting of the Neurobehavioral Teratology Society (Abstract in Neurotoxicology and Teratology 17(3): 375, 1995), Newport Beach, California; June 25-30, 1995.

69. Schrader, S.M., R.E. Langford, T.W. Turner, D.O. Lundy, and S.D. Simon. 1996. Reproductive Assessment of Military Personnel Associated with Military Duty Assignments. Journal of Andrology 16:P-32

70. Turner, T., T. Zimmerman, W. Moorman, S. Schrader, and S. Simon. 1996. Morphological and Morphometric Comparisons of Rabbit Spermatozoa Exposed to Lead. Journal of Andrology 16:P-43 .

71. Skaggs S.R., M.A. Hart, T.W. Turner, W.J. Moorman, J.C. Clark, S.M. Schrader, and S.D. Simon 1996. Simon Does Elevated Blood Lead Increase Sperm Velocity? Journal of Andrology 16:P-46

72. Breitenstein, M.J., and S.M. Schrader. 1996. Mannose Binding Assay in Dutch Belted Rabbits .Journal of Andrology 16:P-50

73. Skaggs, S.R., W.J. Moorman, D.D. Sharpnack, and S.M. Schrader. 1997. Urinary Creatine as a Biomarker for Lead Induced Testicular Damage. Journal of Andrology 17:P-31

74. Schrader, S.M., T. Arbuckle, L. Turner, and L. Ritter. 1997 The Use of Silastic Condoms in an Exposure Assessment Occupational Field Study. Journal of Andrology 17:P-31

75. Breitenstein, M.J., S.M. Schrader, and S.D. Simon. 1997. Variability and Power Calculations of Viability Estimates in Dutch Belted Rabbit Sperm. Journal of Andrology 17:P-31

76. Nelson, B.K., W.J. Moorrman, S.M. Schrader, P.B. Shaw, and E.F. Kreig, Jr. 1997. Paternal Exposure of Rabbits to Lead: Behavior Deficits in Offspring. The Toxicologist 36:256.

77. Sharpnack, D. C. Childress, W. Moorman, S.M. Schrader, R Chapin. 1997, Lead Exposure Causes Altered Spermatogenesis in Rabbits. The Toxicologist 36:359.

78. Brown, D.B., D.E. Sawyer, B.J. Maeker, M.J. Breitenstein, G.R. Hilllman, and S.M. Schrader. 1997. Initial Characterization of an In Vitro Rabbit Sperm Activation Assay. The Toxciologist 36:360.

79. Draheim, L. and C. Falk, H.A. Anderson, L. Handrahan, D. Steenport, S. Schrader, T. Turner, and The Great Lakes Consortium. 1997. Male Reproductive Function Studies: Challenges in Recruiting Mean for Semen Collection Clinics. For presentation at Health Conference 97, Montreal, Canada, May 12-15, 1997.

80. Breitenstein M.J., S.M. Schrader, P. B. Shaw, and W.J. Moorman Lead Effects on Variability Estimates in Dutch Belted Rabbit Sperm. 1998. ISAC Congress XIX, Colorado Springs, CO Feb 28- Mar 5. 1998, (suppl 9):CB-83..

81. Moorman WJ, Stephen R. Skaggs, David A. Dankovic, Peter B. Shaw, Terry W Turner, Robert E. Chapin and Steven M. Schrader. 1998. Benchmark Doses from Lead Induced Spermatoxcity in Male Rabbits. Journal of Andrology 18:P

82. Schrader S.M.. 1998. Towards a Safer Occupational Environment: The U.S. Approach The Example of the Glycol Ethers. Presented at the Andrology in the Nineties Conference entitled “Environmental Influences on Spermatogenesis and Sperm Quality”. Genk Belgium April, 1998

83. Grajewski B, C Cox, SM Schrader, WE Murray, RM Edwards, TW Turner, JM Smith, SS Shekar, DP Evenson, SD Simon, and DL Conover Semen Quality Study of Radiofrequency Heat Sealer Operators. 1998. Hazardous Substances and Male Reproductive Health - An International Conference. New York May 14-15, 1998

84. S.M. Schrader. 1998. Methods of Assessing Male Reproductive Capacity. Hazardous Substances and Male Reproductive Health - An International Conference. New York May 14-15, 1998

85. Zikarge, A., and S.M. Schrader. 1998. Biomarkers of Ethylene Dibromide (EDB) Induced Alterations of Seminal Plasma Biochemistry as a Function of Post-Testicular Toxicity. Tox Letters 95:190.

86. Moorman,W.J., K.L. Cheever, S.R. Skaggs, J.C. Clark, T.W. Turner, K.L. Marlow and S.M.Schrader.1999. Male Adolescent Exposure to Endocrine Disrupting Pesticides: Vinclozolin Exposure in Peripubertal Rabbits. Presented at Molecular Aspects of Male Reproductive Toxicology. November 13-14, 1999, Rauischholzhausen, Germany.

87. Schrader, S.M., T.W. Turner, P.B. Shaw, L.L. Erickson, S. Holland, and V.F. Garry. 2000. Semen Quality of Men Applying Pesticides in Northwest Minnesota. Journal of Andrology Suppl 21:50

88. Schrader, S.M. 2000. 2-Bromopropane: Adverse Human Reproductive Health Effects Trigger Animal Studies. Presented at Gender Differences in Reproductive Biology and Toxicology. Tucson Arizona November 10, 2000

89. Schrader, S.M., and V. F. Garry. 2001. Abnormal Sperm Morphology and Offspring Sex Ratio in Male Fungicide Applicators. International Workshop on Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals and Their Toxicological Evaluation. Presented in Tsukiba, Japan, Feburary 2001

90. Schrader, S.M., M.J. Breitenstein, J.C. Clark, B.D. Lowe, and T.W. Turner. 2001. Erectile Function of Bicycling Police Officers.. Journal of Andrology Supl page 135.

91. Holland, SE, V.F. Garry S.M. Schrader, J.S. Kesner, and E.A. Knecht. 2002. Testosterone Levels in Male Pesticide Applicators and the Sex of Their Children. Journal of Andrology Supl page 39.

92. Schrader, S.M.,, T.W. Turner, V.F. Garry, and S.E. Holland. 2002. Abnormal Sperm Morphology and Offspring Sex Ratio in Male Fungicide Applicators. Journal of Andrology Supl page 40.

93. Moorman, W.J., P.B. Shaw, T.W. Turner, and S.M. Schrader. 2002 Sperm Count vs Blood Lead General Linear Model: Multiple Studies from Worksite Exposures. Journal of Andrology Supl page 40.

94. Schrader, S.M. 2002. Andrology in the Public Health Arena - From Seamen to Semen. American Society of Andrology, Trainee Colloquium. April 25, 2002.

TECHNICAL REPORTS, PROCEEDINGS, AND BOOK CHAPTERS

1. Ratcliffe, J.M., T.J. Meinhart, S.M. Schrader, T.W. Turner, K. Steenland, and S.E. Leffingwell. 1984. NIOSH - Health Hazard Evaluation Interim Report No. 1 TA 83244. Reproductive Effects of Ethylene Dibromide in Pine Beetle Fumigators.

2. Ratcliffe, J.M., S.M. Schrader, K. Steenland, D.E. Clapp, T.W. Turner and R.W. Hornung. 1986. Semen study of papaya treatment workers exposed to ethylene dibromide. NTIS PB86-221447/XAB.

3. Ratcliffe, J.M., D.E. Clapp, S.M. Schrader, T.W. Turner, J Oser, S. Tanaka, R.W. Hornung and W.E. Halperin. 1986. Health Hazard Evaluation Report HETA 84-415-1688, Precision Castparts Corporation, Portland Oregon.

4. Hattis D., L.S. Welch, and S.M. Schrader. 1988. Male Infertility Effects of Glycol Ethers - A Quantitative Analysis. NTIS NIOSH-00185305.

5. Wells, V.E., S.M. Schrader, C. McCammon, E.M. Ward, T.W. Turner, M.J. Thun, and W.E. Halperin. 1989. Exposure to Methylene Chloride in Male Furniture Strippers and Semen Effects. Internal Final Report

6. Annest, J.L., A.L. Baughman, E.A. Brann, F. DeStefano, O.J. Devine, W.D. Flanders, P. Holmgreen, M.R. Joesoef, D.F. Katz, M.J. Kresnow, T.R. O'Brien, M.J. Scally, S.M. Schrader, S.F. Wetterhall, R.M. Worth. 1989. Health Status of Vietnam Veterans: Volume III Medical Examination. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control.

7. Mattison, D.R., J. Bogumil, R. Chapin, M. Hatch, A. Hendrix, J. Jarrell, A. Labarbera, S. Schrader, S. Selevan. 1990. Chapter 6 - Reproductive Toxicology of Pesticides. IN: Advances in Modern Environmental Toxicology. ED: Baker and Wilkinson. Princeton Scientific Publishers.

8. Schrader, S.M., M. Breitenstein, T.W. Turner, and S.D. Simon. 1992. Longitudinal Study of Semen Quality of Unexposed Workers: Seminal Plasma Characteristics. IN: Comparative Spermatology, 20 Years After. ED: B Baccetti. Serono Symposia Publications from Raven Press. New York. Volume 75:905-908

9. Schrader, S.M. 1992. Chapter 9. Assessing Reproductive Potential in Men. IN: Reproductive Toxicology and Infertility.. EDs: AR Scialli and M Zinaman. McGraw-Hill, Inc., New York pages 283-294.

10. Schrader, S.M. 1992. Occupational and Environmental Factors and Male Infertility. IN: Infertility and Reproductive Medicine Clinics of North America. ED: JW Overstreet. W.B. Saunder CO, Philadelphia. Volume 3:319-328.

11. Schrader, S.M. and J.S. Kesner. 1993. Chapter 1. Mechanisms of Male Reproductive Toxicology. IN: Occupational and Environmental Reproductive Hazards: A Guide for Clinicians. ED: M Paul. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, MD. pages 3-17

12. Schrader, S.M. 1993. General Techniques for Assessing Male Reproductive Potential in Human Field Studies. IN: Methods in Reproductive Toxicology. ED. R Chapin and J Heindel. Academic Press, San Diego. Vol 3A:362-371.

13. Wyrobek, A.J., D. Anderson, S. Lewis, T. Nagao, S. Perreault, B. Robaire, and S. Schrader. 1994. Biomarkers and Health Endpoints of Developmental Toxicology of Paternal Origin: Summary of Working Group Discussion. IN: Male-Meidated Developmental Toxicity. ED: AF Olshan and DR Mattison. Pages 339-370.

14. Schrader, S.M. and M.H. Kanitz. 1994. Occupational Hazards to Male Reproduction. IN: State of the Art Reviews in Occupational Medicine: Reproductive Hazards. ED. E Gold, M Schenker, and B Lasley. Pages 405-414.

15. Schrader, S.M. 1995. Principles of Male Reproductive Toxicology In: Environmental Medicine. ED. SM Brooks. Mosby, St Louis. Pages 95-100.

16. Wyrobek, A.J., S.M. Schrader, S.D.Perreault, L. Fenster, G. Huszar, D.F. Katz, A.M. Osorio, and V. Sublet. 1996. Male Reproductive Disorders. IN: Standardized Assessment of Birth Defects, and Reproductive Disorders in Environmental Health Field Studies. ED: G.J. Terracciano, G.K. Lemasters. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry.

17. Schrader, S.M., T.M. Schnorr, and J.A. Wess. 1996. The Effects of Workplace Hazards on Male Reproductive Health. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 96-132

18. Schrader, S.M. 1997. Male Reproductive Toxicants. In: CRC Handbook of Human Toxicology. ED EJ Massareo. CRC Press, New York. Chapter 22, pages 961-980

19. Schrader, S.M. and Grace K. Lemasters. 1997. The Male Reproductive System and Toxicology. IN: International Labor Organization Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and Safety. 9.4-9.8

20. Kesner, J.S., DW Lynch, Schrader, S.M., T.M. Schnorr, and J.A. Wess. 1999. The Effects of Workplace Hazards on Female Reproductive Health. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 99-104

20. Schrader, S. M., M.J. Breitenstein, and B. Lowe. 2001 City of Long Beach Police Department, Long Beach, CA HETA 2000, 0305-2848

21. Schrader S.M. and JS Kesner. Reproductive Health: Developing Partnerships in the Study of Reproductive Hazards in the Workplace. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2002-152, 2002.

22. Schrader, S.M. Environmental Issues and Challenges. In focus (newsletter of the American Infertility Association) Winter 2003 pages 22-23.

23. Harney, J.M., J.B. Nemhauser, C.M. Reh, D. Trout, and S.M. Schrader 2003. Marx Industries Inc. Sawmills, North Carolina. HETA 99-0260-2906

24. Schrader, S. M., M Breitenstein, and BD Lowe. Debate over bicycle saddles continues - Letter to the Editor. IPMBA News, Fall 2003

JOURNAL PUBLICATIONS

1. Schrader, S.M., L.A. Eng, and C.B. Metz, 1981. Immunoferritin Labeling of Rabbit Spermatozoa. Gamete Research 4:379-386.

2. Jeyendran, R.S., S.M. Schrader, J.R. Burg, H.H. Van der Ven, M. Perez-Pelaez, and L.J.D. Zaneveld, 1986. Association of sperm morphology with in vitro fertilizing capacity of human spermatozoa as assessed by three classification systems. Human Reproduction 1:305-308

3. Schrader, S.M., S.F. Platek, L.J.D. Zaneveld, M. Perez-Pelaez and R.S. Jeyendran. 1986. Sperm Viability: A comparison of analysis methods. Andrologia 18:530-538.

4. Ratcliffe, J.M., S.M. Schrader, K. Steenland, D.E. Clapp, T.W. Turner and R.W. Hornung. 1987. Semen quality in papaya workers with long term exposure to ethylene dibromide. Brit J. Ind Med. 44:317-326

5. Schrader S.M., Ratcliffe, J.M., T.W. Turner, and R.W. Hornung. 1987. The use of new field methods of semen analysis in the study of occupational hazards to reproduction: The example of ethylene dibromide. J Occupational Medicine 29:963-966

6. CDC Viet Nam Experience Study (S.M. Schrader contributor). 1988. Health status of Viet Nam veterans II. Physical Health. JAMA 259:2708-2714.

7. Welch, L.S., S.M. Schrader, T.W. Turner, and M.R. Cullen. 1988. Effects of exposure to ethylene glycol ethers on shipyard painters: I. Male Reproduction. Am J Ind Med. 14:509-526.

8. Schrader, S.M., T.W. Turner, M.J. Breitenstein, and S.D. Simon. 1988. Longitudinal Study of Semen Quality of Unexposed Workers. I. Study Overview. Reproductive Toxicology 2:183-190.

9. Schrader, S.M., T.W. Turner, and J.M. Ratcliffe. 1988. The Effects of Ethylene Dibromide on Semen Quality: A Comparison of Short Term and Chronic Exposure. Reproductive Toxicology 2:191-198.

10. Ratcliffe, J.M., S.M. Schrader, D.E. Clapp, W.E. Halperin, T.W. Turner, and R.W. Hornung. 1989. Semen quality in workers exposed to 2-ethoxyethanol. Brit J Ind Med. 46:399-406.

11. Schrader, S.M. 1989. Safety guidelines for the andrology laboratory. Fertility and Sterility 51:387-389.

12. Destefano, F., J.L. Annest, M-J. Kresnow, S.M. Schrader, and D.F. Katz. 1989. Semen Characteristics of Vietnam Veterans. Reproductive Toxicology 3:165-173

13. Schrader S.M., J.M. Ratcliffe, J.R. Burg, M.R. Ellersieck and J.B. Ward Jr. 1989. Evaluation of the double Y fluorescence Test. Reproductive Sciences 1:#1

15. Schrader, S.M., T.W. Turner, and S.D. Simon. 1990. Longitudinal Study of Semen Quality of Unexposed Workers: Sources of Variation of Sperm Head Measurements. J Andrology 11:32-39.

16. Williams, J., B.C. Gladen, S.M. Schrader, T.W. Turner, J.L. Phelps, R.E. Chapin. 1990. Semen Analysis and Fertility Assessment in Rabbits: Statistical Power and Design Considerations for Toxicology Studies. Fundam Appl Tox 15:651-665.

17. Evenson, D.P., L. Jost, R. Baer, T Turner, S. Schrader. 1991. Individuality of DNA Denaturation Patterns in Human Sperm as Measured by the Sperm Chromatin Structure Assay. Reproductive Toxicology 5:115-125.

18. Schrader, S.M., T.W. Turner, and S.D. Simon. 1991. Longitudinal Study of Semen Quality of Unexposed Workers: Sperm Motility Measurements. Journal of Andrology 12:126-131.

19. Williams, J., B.C. Gladen, T.W. Turner, S.M. Schrader, and R.E. Chapin. 1991. The Effects of Ethylene Dibromide (EDB): Comparison of rabbit and human seminal characteristic. Fund Appl Toxicol 16:687-700.

20. Schrader, S.M., T.W. Turner, and S.D. Simon. 1991. Sources of Variation of the Sperm Penetration Assay Under Field Study Conditions. Assisted Reproductive Technology/Andrology 2(Supplement 4):63-74.

21. Welch, L.S., E. Plotkin, and S.M. Schrader. 1991. Indirect Fertility Analysis in Painters Exposed to Ethylene Glycol Ethers: Sensitivity and Specificity. Am J Ind Med 20:229-240.

22. Boyle, C.A., M.J. Khoury, D.F. Katz, J.L. Annest, M.J. Kresnow, F DeStefano, and S.M. Schrader. 1992. The Relation of Computer-Based Measures of Sperm Morphology and Motility to Male Infertility. Epidemiology 3:239-246.

23. R.E. Chapin, R.S. Filler, D. Gulati, J.J Heindel, D.F. Katz, C.A. Mebus, F. Obasaju, S.D. Perreault, S.R. Russell, S.M. Schrader, V. Slott, R.Z. Sokol, and G. Toth. 1992. Methods for Assessing Rat Sperm Motility. Reproductive Toxicology 6:267-273.

24. Schrader, S.M., R.E. Chapin, E.D. Clegg, R.O Davis, J.L. Fourcroy, D.F. Katz, S.A. Rothmann, G. Toth, T.W. Turner, and M. Zinaman. 1992. Laboratory Methods for Assessing Human Semen in Epidemiologic Studies: A Consensus Report. Reproductive Toxicology 6:275-279.

25. Kesner, J.S., D.M. Wright, S.M. Schrader, N.W. Chin, and E.P. Krieg. 1992. Methods to Monitor Menstrual Function in Field Studies: Efficacy of Methods. Reproductive Toxicology 6:385-400.

26. Wright, D.M., J.S. Kesner, S.M. Schrader, N.W. Chin, V.E. Wells, and E.P. Krieg. 1992. Methods to Monitor Menstrual Function in Field Studies: Attitudes of Working Women. Reproductive Toxicology 6:401-409.

27. Schrader, S.M. 1992. Data Gaps and New Methodologies in the Assessment of Male Fecundity in Occupational Field Studies. Scad J Work Environ Health 18 Suppl 2:30-32.

30. Marcus, M., E Silbergeld, D. Mattison, A. Bellve, R. Chapin, D.L. Davis, B. Eskenazi, G Friedler, R. Kavlock, G Lemasters, R. Levine, M. McDiarmid, A. Sassman, A.R. Schnattern, T. Schnorr, S.M. Schrader, P. Sullivan. 1993. A Reproductive Hazards Research Agenda for the 1990s. Env Health Perspec Supp 101: 175-180.

31. Schrader, S.M., M. Ayers-Cumbo, T.W. Turner, S.D. Simon, J. Ratcliffe, L. Welch, B. Grajewski, and T. Weyandt. 1995. Semen Quality Across Populations. Molecular Andrology 7:105-121.

32. Schrader, S.M., T.W. Turner, J.M. Ratcliffe, L.S. Welch, and S.D. Simon. 1996. Combining Reproductive Studies of Men Exposed to 2-Ethoxyethanol to Increase Statistical Power. Occupational Hygiene 2:411-415.

33. Seed, J., R.E. Chapin, E.D. Clegg, L.A. Dostal, R.H. Foote, M.E. Hurtt, G.R. Klinefelter, S.L. Makkis, S.D. Perreault, S.M. Schrader, D. Seyler, R. Sprando, K.A. Treinen, D.N. Rao Veeramachaneni, and D.Wise. 1996. Methods for Assessing Sperm Motility, Morphology, and Counts in the Rat, Rabbit, and Dog: A Consensus Report. Reproductive Toxicology 10:237-244.

34. Weyandt, T.B., S.M. Schrader, T.W. Turner, and S.D. Simon. 1996. Semen Analysis of Military Personnel Associated with Military Duty Assignments. Reproductive Toxicology 10:521-528

40. S.M. Schrader. 1998. Towards a Safer Occupational Environment: The U.S. Approach The Example of the Glycol Ethers. Middle East Fertility Society Journal 3 (supp 1):68-71.

41. Lemasters, G.K, D.M. Olson, J.H. Yiin, J.E. Lockley, R Shukla, S.G. Selevan, S.M. Schrader, G.P. Toth, D.P. Evenson, and G.B. Huszar. 1999. Male Reproductive Effects of Solvent and Fuel Exposure during Aircraft Maintenance. Reproductive Toxicology 13:155-166.

42. Arbuckle, T.E., S.M. Schrader, D. Cole, J.C. Hall, C.M. Bancej, L.A. Turner, and P. Claman. 1999. 2,4 D Residues in Semen of Ontario Farmers. Reproductive Toxicology 13:421-429.

43. Moorman,W.J., K.L. Cheever, S.R. Skaggs, J.C. Clark, T.W. Turner, K.L. Marlow and S.M.Schrader. 2000. Male Adolescent Exposure to Endocrine Disrupting Pesticides: Vinclozolin Exposure in Peripubertal Rabbits. Andrologia 32:285-293.

44. Moorman WJ, Ahlers HW, Chapin RE, Daston GP, Foster PMD, Kavlock RJ, Morawetz JS, Schnorr TM, Schrader SM. 2000. Prioritization of NTP Reproductive Toxicants for Field Studies. Reproductive Toxicology 14:293-301.

45. Grajewski B, Cox C, Schrader SM, Murray WE, Edwards RM, Turner TW, Smith JM, Shekar SS, Evenson DP, Simon SD, Conover DL. 2000 Semen quality and hormone levels among radiofrequency heater operators. J Occup Environ Med 42:993-1005.

46. Moline, JM, AL Golden, N Bar-Chama, E Smith, ME Rauch, RE Chapin, SD Perreault, SM Schrader, WA Suk, and PJ Landrigan. 2000. Exposure to Hazardous Substances and Male Reproductive Health: A Research Framework. Env Health Persp 108:803-813.

47. Schrader, S.M., M. J. Breitenstein, J.C. Clark, B. D. Lowe, and T. W. Turner. 2002. Nocturnal Penile Tumescence and Rigidity Testing of Bicycling Patrol Officers. Journal of Andrology 23:927-934.

48. Lawson, C.C., T.M. Schnorr, G.P. Daston, B. Grawjeski, M. Marcus, M. McDiarmind, E. Murono. S.D. Perreault, M Shelby. and S.M. Schrader. 2003. An Occupational Reproductive Research Agenda for the Third Millennium. Environmental Health Perspectives 111:584-591.

49. Schrader, S.M. 2003. Man and the Workplace: Assessing His Reproductive Health. Chemical Health and Safety 10:11-16.

50. Buck, G.M., C.D. Lynch, J.B. Stanford, A.M. Sweeney, L.A. Schieve, J.C. Rockett, S.G. Selevan, and S.M. Schrader. 2004. Prospective Pregnancy Study Designs for Assessing Reproductive and Developmental Toxicants. Environmental Health Perspectives 112:79-86

51. Lowe, B., S. Schrader, and M. Breitenstein. 2004. Effect of Saddle Design on the Perineal Pressure of the Bicyclist. Sports Medicine. Med Sci Sports Exerc 36:1055-1062