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Asian Journal of Andrology (2010) 12: 215-220. doi: 10.1038/aja.2009.86; published online 28 December 2009.
Prostate calculi in cancer and BPH in a cohort of Korean men: presence of calculi did not correlate with cancer risk
Eu-Chang Hwang1, Hyang-Sik Choi1, Chang-Min Im1, Seung-Il Jung1, Sun-Ouck Kim1, Taek-Won Kang1, Dong-Deuk Kwon1, Kwang-Sung Park1 and Soo-Bang Ryu1
1 Department of Urology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-757, Korea
Correspondence: Dr Seung-Il Jung, Department of Urology, Chonnam National University Medical School, 8, Hak-dong, Dong-gu, Gwangju 501-757, Korea. Fax: +82-62-227-1643 E-mail: drjsi@yahoo.co.kr
Received 7 August 2009; Revised 26 October 2009; Accepted 19 November 2009; Published online 28 December 2009.
| Abstract |
Prostatic calculi are common and are associated with inflammation of the prostate. Recently, it has been suggested that this inflammation may be associated with prostate carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between prostatic calculi and prostate cancer (PCa) in prostate biopsy specimens. We retrospectively analyzed 417 consecutive patients who underwent transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) and prostate biopsies between January 2005 and January 2008. Based on the biopsy findings, patients were divided into benign prostatic hyperplasia and PCa groups. TRUS was used to detect prostatic calculi and to measure prostate volume. The correlations between PCa risk and age, serum total PSA levels, prostate volume, and prostatic calculi were analyzed. Patient age and PSA, as well as the frequency of prostatic calculi in the biopsy specimens, differed significantly between both the groups (P < 0.05). In the PCa group, the Gleason scores (GSs) were higher in patients with prostatic calculi than in patients without prostatic calculi (P = 0.023). Using multivariate logistic regression analysis, we found that patient age, serum total PSA and prostate volume were risk factors for PCa (P = 0.001), but that the presence of prostatic calculi was not associated with an increased risk of PCa (P = 0.13). In conclusion, although the presence of prostatic calculi was not shown to be a risk factor for PCa, prostatic calculi were more common in patients with PCa and were associated with a higher GS among these men.
Keywords: calculi; prostate; prostatic neoplasms; risk factors |
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