The aim of this study was to look in depth at the relationship between meiotic anomalies and male infertility, such as the determination
of the chromosomes involved or the correlation with patient features. For this purpose, a total of 31 testicular tissue samples
from individuals consulting for fertility problems were analyzed. Metaphase I cells were evaluated using a sequential methodology
combining Leishman stained procedures and multiplex fluorescence in situ hybridization protocols. The number of chromosomal
units and chiasmata count per bivalent were established and a hierarchical cluster analysis of the individuals was performed. The
relationship of the seminogram and the karyotype over recombination were evaluated using Poisson regression models. Results
obtained in this study show a significant percentage of infertile individuals with altered meiotic behavior, mostly specified as a
reduction in chiasmata count in medium and large chromosomes, the presence of univalents, and the observation of tetraploid
metaphases. Moreover, the number and the type of anomalies were found to be different between cells of the same individual,
suggesting the coexistence of cell lines with normal meiotic behavior and cell lines with abnormalities. In addition, chromosomal
abnormalities in metaphase I are significantly associated with oligozoospermia and/or polymorphic karyotype variants.

Keywords: chiasmata count; human spermatocytes; multiplex fluorescence in situ hybridization; polymorphic karyotype; seminal parameters

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