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Volume 27, Issue 1 (January 2025) 27, 84–89; 10.4103/aja202473
Impact of human papillomavirus and coinfection with other sexually transmitted pathogens on male infertility
Fan, Xin1,2,*; Xu, Ya1,2,*; Xiang, Li-Feng3,4; Liu, Lu-Ping1,2; Wan, Jin-Xiu1,2; Duan, Qiu-Ting1,2; Dian, Zi-Qin1,2; Sun, Yi1,2; Wu, Ze3,4; Dong, Yun-Hua3,4
1Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650032, China
2Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650032, China
3Department of Reproductive Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Healthy Birth and Birth Defect Prevention in Western China, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650032, China
4Reproductive Medical Center of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650032, China
Correspondence: Dr. Z Wu (wuze2010@126.com) Dr. YH Dong (doninhua@163.com)
Originally published: September 13, 2024 Received: April 22, 2024 Accepted: June 20, 2024
| Abstract |
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This study primarily aimed to investigate the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) and other common pathogens of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in spermatozoa of infertile men and their effects on semen parameters. These pathogens included Ureaplasma urealyticum, Ureaplasma parvum, Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium, herpes simplex virus 2, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus agalactiae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus. A total of 1951 men of infertile couples were recruited between 23 March 2023, and 17 May 2023, at the Department of Reproductive Medicine of The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province (Kunming, China). Multiplex polymerase chain reaction and capillary electrophoresis were used for HPV genotyping. Polymerase chain reaction and electrophoresis were also used to detect the presence of other STIs. The overall prevalence of HPV infection was 12.4%. The top five prevalent HPV subtypes were types 56, 52, 43, 16, and 53 among those tested positive for HPV. Other common infections with high prevalence rates were Ureaplasma urealyticum (28.3%), Ureaplasma parvum (20.4%), and Enterococcus faecalis (9.5%). The prevalence rates of HPV coinfection with Ureaplasma urealyticum, Ureaplasma parvum, Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium, herpes simplex virus 2, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Staphylococcus aureus were 24.8%, 25.4%, 10.6%, 6.4%, 2.4%, 7.9%, 5.9%, 0.9%, and 1.3%, respectively. The semen volume and total sperm count were greatly decreased by HPV infection alone. Coinfection with HPV and Ureaplasma urealyticum significantly reduced sperm motility and viability. Our study shows that coinfection with STIs is highly prevalent in the semen of infertile men and that coinfection with pathogens can seriously affect semen parameters, emphasizing the necessity of semen screening for STIs.
Keywords: human papillomavirus; infertility; semen parameter; sexually transmitted infection; spermatozoa
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