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Abstract

Volume 16, Issue 3 (May 2014) 16, 364–371; 10.4103/1008-682X.122585

Immunotherapy and therapeutic vaccines in prostate cancer: an update on current strategies and clinical implications

B. Harpreet Singh and James L. Gulley

Medical Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland, USA

Correspondence: Received: 18 September 2013; Revised: 05 October 2013; Accepted: 21 October 2013

Received: 18 September 2013; Revised: 05 October 2013; Accepted: 21 October 2013

Abstract

In recent years, immunotherapy has emerged as a viable and attractive strategy for the treatment of prostate cancer. While there are multiple ways to target the immune system, therapeutic cancer vaccines and immune checkpoint inhibitors have been most successful in late-stage clinical trials. The landmark Food and Drug Administration approval of sipuleucel-T for asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic metastatic prostate cancer set the stage for ongoing phase III trials with the cancer vaccine PSA-TRICOM and the immune checkpoint inhibitor ipilimumab. A common feature of these immune-based therapies is the appearance of improved overall survival without short-term changes in disease progression. This class effect appears to be due to modulation of tumor growth rate kinetics, in which the activated immune system exerts constant immunologic pressure that slows net tumor growth. Emerging data suggest that the ideal population for clinical trials of cancer vaccines is patients with lower tumor volume and less aggressive disease. Combination strategies that combine immunotherapy with standard therapies have been shown to augment both immune response and clinical benefit.

Keywords: androgen deprivation; immunotherapy; prostate cancer; therapeutic cancer vaccines

Keywords: androgen deprivation; immunotherapy; prostate cancer; therapeutic cancer vaccines

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Asian Journal of Andrology CN 31-1795/R ISSN 1008-682X  Copyright © 2023  Shanghai Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences.  All rights reserved.