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Volume 18, Issue 2 (March 2016) 18, 234–238; DOI:10.4103/1008-682X.169985
Percutaneous embolization of varicocele: technique, indications, relative contraindications, and complications
Joshua Halpern, Sameer Mittal, Keith Pereira, Shivank Bhatia, Ranjith Ramasamy
1 Department of Urology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York 10065, USA
2 Department of Radiology, University of Miami - Miller School of Medicine, Miami 33136, USA
3 Department of Urology, University of Miami - Miller School of Medicine, Miami 33136, USA
Correspondence: Dr. R Ramasamy (ranjithrama@gmail.com)
08-Dec-2015
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Abstract
There are several options for the treatment of varicocele, including surgical repair either by open or microsurgical approach, laparoscopy, or through percutaneous embolization of the internal spermatic vein. The ultimate goal of varicocele treatment relies on the occlusion of the dilated veins that drain the testis. Percutaneous embolization offers a rapid recovery and can be successfully accomplished in approximately 90% of attempts. However, the technique demands interventional radiologic expertise and has potential serious complications, including vascular perforation, coil migration, and thrombosis of pampiniform plexus. This review discusses the common indications, relative contraindications, technical details, and risks associated with percutaneous embolization of varicocele.
Keywords: interventional radiology; male infertility; therapeutic embolization; varicocele
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