Volume 27, Issue 3 (May 2025) 27, 416–422; 10.4103/aja202387

Ex vivo microscopic testicular sperm extraction at the time of radical orchiectomy in men with nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA): a scoping review

Carlo Giulioni1,2, Nguyen Ho Vinh Phuoc2,3, Selahittin Cayan2,4

1Polytechnic University of Marche, Department of Urology, Ancona 60126, Italy; 2Global Andrology Forum, Moreland Hills, OH 44022, USA; 3Department of Andrology, Binh Dan Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City 008408, Vietnam; 4University of Mersin School of Medicine, Department of Urology, Mersin 33260, Turkey.

Correspondence: Dr. C Giulioni (carlo.giulioni9@gmail.com)

Received: 01 August 2023; Accepted: 06 December 2023; published online: 06 February 2024